国外教育心理学课件2-3.pptVIP

Educational Psychology 302 Session 3 What we know about human development . . . Predictable by “milestones” Development rates vary widely from child to child Characterized by spurts and plateaus Affected by both heredity and the environment Piaget’s Assumptions . . .About how children learn Children are naturally curious Children learn through experience (schemes) Children need to interact with their environment Equilibrium/disequilibrium/Equillibration Assimilate/Accommodate Learning How a Phone Works Assimilation? Assimilation? Sensorimotor Stagebirth until 2 years Scheme development Object permanence Cause and effect  Language Egocentrism Confusion between physical and psychological events (animism, realism) Lack of conservation Centration Transformation incomprehensibility Preoperational Stage (cont.) 2 to 6-7 years Irreversibility Single classification Transductive reasoning Concrete Operations Stage6-7 to 11-12 years Perspectival independence Conservation (H20) Decentration Ability to reason through transformations Reversibility Multiple classification Deductive reasoning Concrete Operations Stage (cont) 6-7 to 11-12 years Lack of ability to comprehend abstract, hypothetical or contrary to fact ideas Democracy, human rights, “If ever I kill myself from despair I won’t choose a Friday, because Friday is a bad day and would bring me ill luck” (Copeland, 1979). Formal Operations Stage11-12 to adulthood Ability to deal with hypothetical and abstract ideas Set and test hypotheses Manipulate variables Combinatorial thought Alternative realities Formal Operations Reasoning Problem 1: An 8-ounce jar of popcorn holds 1,200 kernels. How many kernels can a 14-ounce jar hold? Problem 2: Imagine that you have five beakers containing five different chemicals (Referred to as chemicals A, B, C, D, and E respectively). In how many different ways can two or more of these chemicals be combined? Show your work. Formal Operations Rea