英语语言学概论　全套课件（上第一至六章）.PPTVIP

上课前的话 《英语语言学概论课程》的总体教学目的： 发展语言意识，培养理性思维 2. 什么是语言学及其语言学的研究内容 语言学： the scientific study of human language 语言学的研究内容： 语言本体研究及其语言与其他学科的交叉研究 3. 语言学学习应注意的方面 1) 术语问题 2）语言学理论问题 3）语言学研究方法问题 4）语言学研究名家 5）对学术语言（语言学元语言）的适应和把握 6）学习习惯问题 语言学学习开始感到枯燥乏味很正常，只要坚持下去，就会为我们观察世界以及认识我们自己打开一扇窗户，收获到新的发现！ 1. 1 Why Study Language? 1. Some myths about language Language is only a means of communication. Language has a form-meaning correspondence. The function of language is to exchange information. English is more difficult to learn than Chinese. Black English is not standard and should be reformed. 2. Some fundamental views about L Children learn their native language swiftly, efficiently and without instruction. Language operates by rules. All languages have three major components: a sound system, a system of lexicogrammar and a system of semantics. Everyone speaks a dialect. Language slowly changes. Speakers of all languages employ a range of styles and a set of jargons. Languages are intimately related to the societies and individuals who use them. Writing is derivative of speech. 3. The study of language is useful for many different reasons. A way of finding more about : how the brain works, how children learn language, how people learn and teach different languages, what is the relationship between meaning and perception, what is the role of language in different cultures, why people use different varieties of language, why there are linguistic differences between different groups, … Language plays a central role in our lives as individuals and social beings. 1.2 What is Language? Webster’s New World Dictionary: a. human speech b. the ability to communicate by human speech c. a system of vocal sounds and combinations of sounds to which meaning is attributed, used for the expression or communication of thoughts and feelings d. the written representation of such a system “Language is a means of verbal communication.” It is instrumental in that communicating