一、英语句子结.docVIP

一、英语句子结构 一、简单句的6种基本结构 简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）的句子。 ①Li Hui and Li Hua went there together. ②She went out, bought a bottle of wine and returned hurriedly. 1.主谓结构主语+不及物动词(S+Vi)本结构是由主语加不及物动词或短语构成,常用来表示主语的动作。 2.主谓宾结构主语+及物动词+宾语（S+Vt+O）其中的谓语动词须是及物的动词（词组）。宾语须是名词或相当于名词的成分。 3.双宾语结构主语+及物谓语动词（词组）+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物） (S+Vt+IO+DO) 如：He brings me cookies every day. She made me a beautiful dress. 但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for，如：He brings cookies to me every day. She made a beautiful dress for me. 用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。 用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。常跟双宾语的动词有： （需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, promise, return, send, show, write, ask,等。 （需借助for 的）buy, call, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare,等 4．复合结构主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语（S+Vt+O+C）。宾语与宾语补足语有逻辑的主谓关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不完整。可以用做宾补的有名词形容词副词介词短语动词不定式分词。如：The sun keeps us warm. I heard him singing.(he is singing) You must get your hair cut.(Your hair is cut) 用it做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，是英语常用句型。即主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。如，I found it very pleasant to be with your family. 5．主系表结构主语+连系动词+表语(S+V+P)连系动词（Link verb)：be动词（am, is, are, was, were, have been)；其他连系动词如：becometurn,go,get和感官动词如：feel, sound，look, smell，taste等。连系动词与其后的成分构成系表结构，表语多为形容词或副词表语说明主语的状态、性质、等，可为形容词、副词、名词、代词、不定式、分词。 （1）当连系动词不是be，而其后是名词和代词时，多表达‘变为’之意。eg: ①He became a teacher at last. ② His face turned red. （2）感官动词多可用作连系动词。eg: He looks well.他面色好。 It sounds nice.这个听起来不错。 I feel good.我感觉好。 The egg smells bad.这个鸡蛋难闻。 6．There＋系动词＋主语（There is a man.）表示“存在有”这里的there没有实际意义。此结构have，即不能说There has an old man there. 试比较：There is a boy there.那儿有一个男孩。前一个there无实，后一个there为副词那里。 这个句型也可以变形为：There is going to be\There have\has been---已经有---\There appeared(seemed) (to be)---好像有--\There lived---住着---\ There used to be---过去常有---\There happened to be---碰巧有---\There remained---剩下有----等。主语可有修饰语—定语，谓语可有修饰语—状语如：The red sun rises. The red sun rises in the east.He brings me cookies every day. 二、并列句：由并列连词把两个或以上的简单句连在一起的句子。并列句中的简单句互不依从，没有主从之分。并列连词有：and, but, not only---but (also