基于互联网的已知需求的可持续定制公交交通工程定制公交翻译修正版.docxVIP

Collaborative Research: Cyber-Enabled Demand-Interactive Transit (CREDIT) forSustainable Transportation合作研究：基于互联网的已知需求的可持续定制公交1 IntroductionThe auto-dependent surface transportation system in the U.S. has not only created chronic trafficcongestion that costs over $ 100 billion per year [109], but also severely limited mobility options,especially for those who have no access to private autos. Such a system also exacerbates theenvironment impacts of travel.In the US, transportation consumes 27.8% of all energy, of which92.8% come frompetroleum use; it also contributes 32.7% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions[47].在美国路面上对于汽车的过度依赖的交通系统不仅造成了每年耗费1000亿美元的交通拥挤，而且严重的限制了群众出行的选择，尤其是对于那些还没有私家车的群众。这样的系统也恶化了交通的环境影响。在美国，交通耗费了总能源的27.8%，其中92.8%来源于石油的使用，同时32.7%的温室气体的排放也由此产生。Promoting transit, or public transportation, is widely regarded an important measure in thetransition to be more efficient, equitable and sustainable transportation [121].振兴交通，或者公共交通，被广泛的视为是实现有效、平等和可持续交通的重要措施。 Being a mode of collective transport, transit tends to thrive in densely populated areas. In theUS, unfortunately, suburb sprawl has made the condition progressively unfavorable to transit developmentsince 1950s. In fact, the population density in the major urban areas has dropped morethan 50% between 1950 and 1990 [81, 69]. Not surprisingly, transit has been largely marginalizedacross the country.作为一个公共交通方式，他会在人口稠密的地区茁壮的成长。不幸的是，自从1950年以来，美国散布的郊区使得其逐渐的不适宜于公共交通的发展。事实上，在1950年到1990年之间，主要城市的人口密度已经下降超过了50%。这样一来，公共交通被边缘化也就不足为奇了。It is easy to see the dilemma faced by a traditional fixed-route transitservice: on one hand, the potential ridership may not warrant the cost of providing high-qualitycoverage; on the other hand, the financially viable service is so inadequate that it attracts fewnon-captive riders.对于传统固定路线公共交通所面临的窘境是显而易见的：一方面，潜在的乘客并不能保证提供高质量服务的费用；另一方面，在经济上可行的服务，并不足以吸引自由的乘客。To reverse the trend of declining transit use in the US requires a concerteffort of planning, police-making and engineering. Indispensab