2014年Legal English 2B (for the students)法律英语.docVIP

Legal English Ch.2 Typical Legal English Sentence Structures(Conjunctions) and Translations Thereof: 法律翻译有一个非常重要的原则，即在法律文书中要保持法律术语、习语及相同句式结构译文的同一性和一致性，不能随意用不同形态的同义词或近义词表达相同的法律概念，也不能让同样的句式结构有许多不同形式的翻译表述，法律英译为了维护同一概念、内涵或事物在法律上始终同一，，以免引起歧义，词语一经选定就必须前后统一，在翻译中只要认准并用准了某词语，就千万别怕反复使用该词语。此即法律英译的译名同一律原则。 Henry Weihofen 在其《法律文体》一书中曾告诫英语法律起草工作执笔者：Don’t be afraid to repeat the right word! 其所以然，旨在保证法律文字的准确：Exactness often demands repeating the same term to express the same idea. Where that is true, never be afraid of using the same word over and over again. Many more sentences are spoiled by trying to avoid repetition than by repetition. 据有人研究，我国《民法通则》中同样是“法律规定”的动词“规定”，就被英译者有意识地一而再、再而三地更换译名，如stipulate (Art. 72), specify (Art. 52), prescribe (Art. 64), require (Art. 65) 和provide (Art. 107). 自然违反同一律，会使法律概念混淆，使读者不必要地去揣测不同词语之差别，从而影响法律的精确度。 看下例： For the purpose of this Part (a) an instrument is false if it purports to have been (i) made in the form in which it is made by a person who did not in fact make it that form; (ii) made in the form in which it is made on the authority of a person who did not in fact authorize its making in that form; (iii) made in terms in which it is made by a person who did not in fact make it in those terms; (iv) made in terms in which it is made on the authority of a person who did not in fact authorize its making on those terms; (v) altered in any respect by a person who did not in fact alter it in that respect; (vi) altered in any respect on the authority of any person who did not in fact authorize its alteration in that respect; (vii) … Laws of HK, Chp.200, “Crimes Ordinance”,p.44, (the authenticated version,1996). 译文： 就本部而言 （a）任何文书如有下列情况，即属虚假 (i) 该文书是以某种式样制成，并看来是由某人以该式样制成，但事实上该人并未以该式样制造该文书； (ii) 该文书是以某种式样制成，并看来是经某人授权以该式样制造，但事实上该人并未授权以该式样制造该文书； (iii) 该文书是按某些条款制造，但事实上该人并未按该等条款制造该文书； (iv) 该文书是按某些条款制成，并看来是经某人授权按该等条款制造，但事实上该人并未授权按该等条款制造该文书； (v) 该文书看来曾由某人在某些方面予以更改，但事实上该人并未在该方面予以更改； (vi) 该文书看来是经某人授权在某方面予以更改，但事实上该人并未授权在该方面予以更改； (vii) … 从上例中可看出，在正式程度很高的法律文件中，