HIVAIDS实验室检测及其研究进展.pdfVIP

Practice and Communication Chin J Evid-based Med 2008, 8(3): 206-209 HIV/AIDS实验室检测及其研究进展 白  浪  雷秉钧 四川大学华西医院感染性疾病中心（成都610041 ） 摘要 获得性免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS ）是由人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV ）引起的一种严重危胁人类健康的传染病。 实验室检测是诊断HIV/AIDS 的主要依据。HIV 实验室检测一般包括病毒抗体和抗原检测、病毒核酸检测、免疫细 胞检测及病毒耐药检测。20 多年来，HIV 的实验室诊断方法取得很大进展，特别是近年来免疫学方法和分子生物学 方法的应用为临床诊治和流行病学调查提供了有力的帮助。对HIV 的检测，灵敏度及特异度高的分析方法将有助 于HIV 的早期诊断、避免漏检，也有助于对抗艾滋病药物的疗效评价、预测和监测疾病进程，提高检测的灵敏性，缩 短检测的窗口期，是HIV 诊断方法和诊断试剂持续发展的主要方向。随着对HIV/AIDS 研究的不断深入及分子生 物学技术的飞速发展，各种检测HIV 的新技术层出不穷，HIV 的实验室检测正朝着简便、快速、敏感、准确及自动化 方向发展。 关键词  获得性免疫缺陷综合征；人类免疫缺陷病毒；实验室检测 Present Situation and Progress in Research on HIV/AIDS Laboratory Testing BAI Lang, LEI Bing-jun Infectious Disease Center of West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China Abstract Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a severe infectious disease induced by human immuno deficiency virus (HIV). Laboratory testing plays an important role in the diagnosis of HIV/AIDS. In general, laboratory testing includes detection of virus antibodies and antigens, virus RNA, immune cells (CD4+, CD8+) and anti- HIV drug resistance. During the past twenty years, great progress has been made in laboratory testing. As research on HIV/ AIDS has advanced and biotechnology has developed rapidly, different methods of testing have been discovered. In recent years, the application of molecular biotechnology and immunology has led to important advances for epidemiological surveys, clinical diagnosis and treatment of HIV. The existence of a testing method with high sensitivity and specificity is not only helpful for early diagnosis and prediction, monitoring and evaluation of therapeutic efficacy, but can also reduce the risk of false-negative results. HIV laboratory testing is now developing towards a simple, rapid, sensitive, accurate and automatic way of diagnosing this condition. Key words