欧洲移民的创业特征外文翻译.docVIP

外文翻译 原文 Characteristics of migrant entrepreneurship in Europe. Material Source：Entrepreneurship Regional Development；Jul2009，Vol. 21 Issue 4，p375-397，23p，3 Charts. Author：Baycan-Levent，Tuzin；Nijkamp，Peter2. 1. Introduction: migration and migrant entrepreneurship From a global perspective many people are on the move; international migration has become a key feature of a modern open society (Gorter, Nijkamp, and Poot 1998). According to a widely used definition, migrants are persons who have been outside their country of birth or citizenship for a period of 12 months or longer (Sasse and Thielemann 2005). It is estimated that at present, there are about 160 million migrants worldwide (2 to 3% of the world population), supplemented by an estimated 10 million illegal migrants. In 2003, there were an estimated 17 million forced migrants (asylum-seekers and refugees) worldwide; of these, 4.1 million were being hosted in Europe (UNHCR statistical yearbook 2003). It is further estimated that the annual net inflow of migrants into the EU 15 was about 1.7 million in 2002 (Eurostat yearbook 2004), with just under 50% coming from other European countries. Spain, Italy, Germany, and the UK accounted for about 70% of this net inflow. Europe is an important continent for international migration showing a current stock of 56 million migrants in the population, followed by Asia with 50 million, and North America with 41 million (Zimmermann 2005). A number of factors, such as former colonial links – previous areas of labour recruitment – or ease of entry from neighbouring countries shape the trends in international migration (Stalker 2002). In general, the various migrant flows can be classified into four broad categories of entry: labour migration, family reunification, undocumented workers or illegal immigrants, and asylum seekers. However, students studying abroad for more than one year, international retirement migration, and expatriate professionals on long-term assignments for