露天采矿机选采切割深度优化研究.docVIP

  露天采矿机选采切割深度优化研究# 才庆祥* （中国矿业大学 矿业工程学院） 5 10 摘要：阐述了露天煤矿薄煤层选采的关键设备，总结了露天采矿机的种类和适应范围以及在 我国的应用效果。基于力学原理建立了切割状态平衡方程，并推导出了露天采矿机走形速度 v 与切割深度 h 的函数关系式。根据生产能力计算原理，建立了露天采矿机的生产能力计算 方法，依据生产能力曲线的趋势判断了其存在极大值。通过微分处理得到了最佳切割深度的 计算方程，论证了 T1255 露天采矿机在哈尔乌素露天矿 5#薄煤层选采方案中的最佳切割深 度为 0.513m，最大生产能力为 262×106 m3/a。研究结果表明：合理的切割深度可以保证露 天采矿机的作业能力充分发挥。 关键词：内露天采矿机；薄煤层选采；效率模型；切割深度 中图分类号：TD824.7 15 Research on Inner Dump Research on Selection Mining Efficiency Model and cutting track for Surface Miner CAI Qing-xiang (School of mines China University of Mining and Technology) 20 25 30 35 40 Abstract: After expounded the key equipment of thin coal seam selection mining in surface mining, and summarized the types and adaption scope of surface miner and its application effect in China. Based on the mechanics principle, it has established a balance equation on cut state, and also has deduced the function equation between cutting depth and running speed of surface miner. According to production capacity calculation principle, it has established the production capacity calculation methods of surface miner, and judged the production capacity had maximum by the trend of its curve. Through the differential it has got the calculation equation of best cutting depth, and demonstrated the best cutting depth in 5# thin coal seam of T1255 was 0.513 m at Harwusu surface coal mine, and the maximum capacity was 262×106m3/a. The results show that reasonable cutting depth can ensure the operation capacity of surface miner play fully. Key words: surface miner; selection mining thin coal seam; efficiency model; cutting depth 0 引言 我国现已查明煤炭资源储量为 1 万亿吨，居世界第三位。在查明资源储量中，晋陕蒙宁 占 67%；新甘青、云贵川渝占 20%；其它地区仅占 13%。晋陕蒙宁和新疆等省区部分煤田 开采条件较好，非常适合于大规模露天开采。目前，我国正在改扩建和新建生产能力为 10Mt/a 至 20Mt/a 的特大型露天煤矿逾 20 座，总能力在“十二五”期间将达到全国煤炭产量的 15% 左右。多数露天煤矿煤层的赋存特点是：煤层薄、煤层多（多为煤层群开采或为复合煤层开 采）、近水平埋藏。开采过程中为了防止煤层顶底板岩石的混入、煤质下降、煤炭售价降低， 设计一般采用小型设备，以单斗-卡车开采工艺为主，致使劳动定员多，开采效率低。部分 露天煤矿对（煤层厚度小于 1m）的薄煤层干脆放弃开采，随岩石的剥离而丢弃，造成国家 资源的浪费。 薄煤层开采存在以下问题：①现有设备尺寸过大，最小挖掘高度难以满足回采要