模板和泛型编程-------外文翻译.docVIP

外文翻译 题 目 Templates and Generic Programming 系 （院） 计算机科学技术系 专 业 计算机科学与技术 班 级 学生姓名 学 号 指导教师 职 称 年 月 日 Templates and Generic Programming Generic programming involves writing code in a way that is independent of any particular type. When we use a generic program we supply the type(s) or value(s) on which that instance of the program will operate. The library containers, iterators, and algorithms described in Part II are examples of generic programming. There is a single definition of each container, such as vector, but we can define many different kinds of vectors that differ by the element type that the vector contains.Templates are the foundation of generic programming. We can, and have, used templates without understanding how they are defined. In this chapter well see how we can define our own template classes and functions.Generic programming, like object-oriented programming, relies on a form of polymorphism. The polymorphism in OOP applies at run time to classes related by inheritance. We can write code that uses such classes in ways that ignore the type differences among the base and derived classes. As long as we use references or pointers to the base type, we can use the same code on objects of the base type or a type derived from that type.Generic programming lets us write classes and functions that are polymorphic across unrelated types at compile time. A single class or function can be used to manipulate objects of a variety of types. The standard library containers, iterators, and algorithms are good examples of generic programming. The library defines each of the containers, iterators, and algorithms in a type-independent manner. We can use library classes and functions on most any kind of type. For example, we can define a vector of Sales_item objects even though the designers of vector could have had no knowledge of our application-specific class. In C++, templates are the foundation for generic programming. A templa