议论文阅读理解突破.docVIP

议论文阅读理解突破 议论文是英语中的重要文体。从近几年各地高考英语试题来看，议论文在阅读理解中占有相当大的比重。议论文说理性强，语言庄重，逻辑缜密，常用难词、长词和复杂句，给我们的阅读理解带来一定难度。很有必要对议论文的文体特点及解题规律作一探索，实现突破。 一、议论文的语篇特点 议论文是运用逻辑推理和证明来阐述某一观点、看法和主张的文体。这类文章或从正面提出某种见解，或驳斥别人的错误观点，以说服读者同意自己的观点为主要目的。 议论文一般有论点、论据和论证三个要素。论点是议论文的核心，即中心思想，是论据和论证的服务对象。论据是作者所引用的用以支持和证明论点的材料，这些材料可以是名人名言、事实例证或统计数据等。论证是作者组织、运用论据的手法。 二、议论文阅读理解的主要题型及对策 从近几年的高考试题来看，议论文阅读理解的命题类型主要有： 主旨大意题 【设题方式】 The text is mainly about ___________. What does the author want to tell us most? What can be the best title for the text? What is the main idea of the passage? What can we learn from the last paragraph? 【对策】 做好此类试题，关键是迅速找准文章或段落的主题句。这就必须对议论文常见论证方法 作一了解。（1）归纳法，即从分析个别事例入手，找出事物的共同特点，得出结论、看法或道理。（2）演绎法，即从一般论断出发，对个别事物进行说明、分析后得出结论。（3）驳论法，即先列出错误的观点，然后加以逐条批驳，反证自己观点的正确性。 另外，议论文在语言表达上经常使用一些有辩论、推理等含义的词汇和句型，如： however, take … for example, thus, therefore, consequently（因此），accordingly（因此），It follows that…（因而），…, but it would be far better if we …（如果我们……，那会更好），I am of the opinion that …（我认为……），It’s clear that … 等。我们可以通过这些关键词迅速把握作者的写作意图。 例1（2010天津卷D篇，有删减） To err is human. To blame the other guy is even more human. … These three popular misquotes（戏谑的引语）are meant to be jokes, and yet they tell us a lot about human nature. To err, or to make mistakes, is indeed a part of being human, but it seems that most people don’t want to accept the responsibility for having made a mistake. They naturally look for someone else who could be responsible for the problem. Perhaps it is the natural thing to do. The original quote about human nature went like this: “To err is human, to forgive, divine（神圣的）.” This saying mirrors an ideal: people should be forgiving of others’ mistakes. Instead, we tend to do the opposite—find someone else to pass the blame on to. However, taking responsibility for something that went wrong is a mark of great maturity. 1. What does the author want to tell us most?（原创题） A. to make as few mistakes as possible. B. to think seriously about our wrongdoings. C. to bear responsibility for our mist