语言学课件.pptVIP

LINGUISTICS Click to add contents Conversion is a process that puts an existing word of one class into another class.(more frequently between nouns and verbs ) .(《语言学概论》 杨忠) Conversion is usually found in words containing one morpheme.Some compounds are also converted. Eg: The police machinegun the gang. Some types of conversion Ⅰ 名词与动词之间的词性转换 a.noun→ verb:eg to butter the bread b.verb →noun:eg take a look Ⅱ 动词与形容词之间的词性转换 a.adjective →verb： eg to open the door天将降大任于斯人也，必先苦其心志，劳其筋骨··· b.verb→adjective： eg a stand-up comedian Ⅲ 其他 adjective →noun:eg a nasty，the poor 亲爱的 preposition →verb： eg to up the price Backformation is a process that creates a new word by dropping a real supposed suffix.(《语言学概论》 杨忠) Eg:donation →donate emotion →emote This process by which parts of a word have been cut off is called clipping.(P61) Clipping is a process that shortens a polysyllabic word by deleting one or more syllables. (《语言学概论》 杨忠) Eg:veterinarian→vet gymnasium →gym Blending: a single new word can also be formed by combining two separate forms.(P61) Blending is a process that creates new words by putting together non-morphemic parts of existing words.(《语言学概论》 杨忠) Eg:smog=smoke+fog telecast=television+broadcast brunch=breakfast+lunch おはにちは=おはよう+こんにちは Acronym is formed from the first letters of a series of words. They can be read as a word. Eg: AIDS: acquired immune deficiency syndrome radar: radio detecting and ranging 超女 快男 毛概 Initialism: some new words are composed of the first letters of series of words and pronounced by saying each other in them. Eg: CD: compact disk WTO:World Trade Organization AIDS----------CPU APEC---------GPS The differences between acronym and initialism : acronyms can be read as a word, while initialism cannot. Eponyms are words that originate from proper names of individuals or places.