语言学第三章.pptVIP

i) Invention rumorology ; Rusglish ; ringxiety; 给力；团购；围观；裸捐；富二代 ii） Blending 1) joining the initial part of the first word and the final part of the second part; motor + hotel ? motel 2) joining the initial parts of the two words; communication + satellite ? comsat iii) Abbreviation ※ (clipping) memoranda ? memo homosexuality ? homo iv) Acronym PC ? CALL ? APEC ? GPS ? ISO ? v) back-formation (P68) vi) Analogical creation earthquake ? moonquake bulldozer ? calfdozer marathon ? talkthon sunrise ? moonrise environmental pollution ? visual pollution watergate ? girlfriend gate nightmare ? daymare ~门 ? “金鸡门”、“州警门” vii）Borrowing LW (loanwords) : both form and meaning are loaned; LB (loanblend) form: part loaned, part native; meaning: fully loaned LS (loanshift) form native yet meaning borrowed LT (loan translation) 5. Semantic change Broadening: specific ? general Narrowing: general ? specific Meaning shift Class shift identification place “street or square” ? anywhere; 丈人 年长的人 ? 岳父; meat food ? a kind of food 江、河 长江、黄河 ? 一切河流 步 行走 ? 脚步; 涕 眼泪? 鼻涕; book a kind of tree ? sth for reading; pen feather ? a tool for writing EXERCISE Chapter 3 Lexicon I. MorphemeMorphology 1. Morphology Morphology refers to the study of the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed. The smallest meaningful unit in morphology; the basic unit of grammatical structure 2. Types of Morphemes Free Morpheme Bound Morpheme Free morpheme: the one that may constitute a word (free form) by itself, such as bed, tree, sing, dance, etc. Bound morpheme: the one that may appear with at least one other morpheme. They can not stand by themselves, such as “-s” in “dogs”, “al” in “national”, “dis-” in “disclose”, “ed” in “recorded”, etc. Root A root