东南亚地区扁颅蝠的种群遗传学研究.docVIP

 东南亚地区扁颅蝠的种群遗传学研究# 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45  摘要：扁颅蝠是一种栖息于竹林中的小型食虫类蝙蝠，主要分布于亚洲热带亚热带地区。尽 管它与人类关系密切，相关的研究报道却很少，其种群遗传学方面的研究尚无人涉及。由于 人类活动的加剧，生态环境的破坏、生物栖息地的片断化对物种生存的影响越来越受到各国 学者的关注。 本文利用 7 个微卫星位点对来自东南亚 15 个地区的扁颅蝠种群进行了遗传多样性的分析， 结果表明：（1）等位基因丰富度与经度之间明显的负相关（b = -7.42, R2 = 0.31, P 0.05） 关系显示种群的建群趋势为从西向东的方向。当在这种回归分析中去除了纬度最低的马来西 亚种群以避免可能带来的对结论的影响后，相关性更加明显（R2 = 0.36，P 0.05），进一 步证实了结果的可靠性；（2）种群遗传结构的分析表明，在所有种群范围内存在显著的种 群遗传分化（P 0.001）。种群间的遗传结构分析则显示除了极少数几个邻近种群外，绝大 部分两两的种群比较均显示差异显著；（3）种群的距离隔离模式的回归分析表明，即使在 平均距离仅为 30 km 的广西崇左区 8 个种群范围内，种群遗传距离也仍然遵循距离隔离模式 （R2＝0.63, P 0.001）。上述结果表明，扁颅蝠受其对特定栖息环境的依赖性及非迁徙习 性的限制，种群间仅存在十分有限的基因流，个体交换的频率极低。种群的建群趋势提示对 低经度地区扁颅蝠栖息环境的保护更有实际意义。 关键词：生态学；扁颅蝠；种群遗传结构；基因流 中图分类号：Q958 Population genetics of Tylonycteris pachypus in Southeast Asia HUA Panyu1, ZHANG Libiao2, GUO Tingting3, ZHANG Shuyi1 (1. Institute for Advanced Studies in Multidisciplinary Science and Technology, East China Normal University; 2. Guangdong Entomological Institute; 3. nstitute for Advanced Studies in Multidisciplinary Science and Technology, East China Normal University) Abstract: The flat-headed bat, Tylonycteris pachypus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) is an insectivorous bat species and mainly distributes in tropical and semi-tropical areas. They usually roost in the forest of bamboo. Although T. pachypus has a close relationship with human, very few researches involve it, especially the population studies by molecular methods. The impact of destroyed environment and habitat fragmentation by human activities are being concerned by more and more researchers. In this study, seven loci of these were used to analyze population structure and genetic diversity of 15 populations of T. pachypus. The results demonstrated: (1) Allelic richness was negatively correlated with longitude of sampling sites (b = -7.42, R2 = 0.31, P 0.05) when considering all populations. Once the most southern population from Malaysia was discounted in the analysis, the decline was sharper and the determination c