软件项目管理 复习整理.docVIP

第一章 1，项目的定义 is “a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result 2，项目的属性： Has a unique purpose. Is temporary. Is developed using progressive elaboration. 逐步细化 Requires resources, often from various areas. Should have a primary customer or sponsor. The project sponsor usually provides the direction and funding for the project. Involves uncertainty. 项目的属性：项目有唯一的目的；项目是临时的，导致唯一的产品，服务和结果；项目的发展是逐步细化，要苦心经营的；项目需要不同领域的资源； 项目必须有客户和项目发起人；项目具有不确定性 3，三大限制：scope;time;cost 4，项目管理定义： is “the application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements 5，项目管理框架：利益相关者的期望和需要，9大知识领域，工具和技术，项目组合 6，利益相关者包括： Project sponsor Project manager Project team Support staff Customers Users Suppliers Opponents to the project 7，9大知识领域：4个核心领域（scope, time, cost, and quality)；4个促进知识领域（human resources, communication, risk, and procurement management ） project integration management) affects and is affected by all of the other knowledge areas 8，工具和技术有： 范围：Project charters项目章程, scope statements范围说明, and WBS 时间：Gantt charts甘特图表, network diagrams网络图, critical path analyses, critical chain scheduling 花费：Cost estimates费用估算 and earned value management 挣值管理 9，定义项目成功的方法： The project met scope, time, and cost goals The project satisfied the customer/sponsor The results of the project met its main objective 10，项目成功的10大因素： Executive support User involvement Experienced project manager Clear business objectives Minimized scope Standard software infrastructure标准的软件基础设施 Firm basic requirements Formal methodology Reliable estimates Other criteria, such as small milestones, proper planning, competent staff, and ownership 11，项目管理研究所和项目管理专业人员： The Project Management Institute (PMI) is an international professional society for project managers founded in 1969 PMI provides certification as a Project Management Professional (PMP) 12，项目管理的工具：3类 Low-end tools：Handle single or smaller pr