[高校科研学术英文论文写作规范教学课件]troduction.pptVIP

Standard FORMAT for the Research Report Abstract + IMRAD Standard Phrases (“Stock Phrases”) Standard Phrases (“Stock Phrases”)  Using stock phrases will make your writing easier and clearer to the readers of English-language journals. For scientific writing, it is not essential that every word or phrase be “new”, “creativity” in scientific writing is much less important than clarity. Stock Phrases from Introduction Sections “significant and widespread problem” “it is estimated that . . .” “there is a need for . . .” “At present, little is known about . . .” “Previous studies have revealed . . .” Stock Phrases from Introduction Sections “Evidence suggests . . .” “The mechanisms that underlie . . . remain unclear” “To test whether . . . we . . .” “We conducted this study to determine . . .” “The purpose of this study was to . . .” Stock Phrases from Introduction Sections “Our objective in performing this experiment was to . . .” “On the basis of previous studies, we asked whether . . .” “Recent studies have focused on . . .” “In this paper, we will establish . . .” Stock Phrases from Methods Sections “descriptive statistics” “sociodemographic factors” “eligible and consenting patients were randomly assigned” Stock Phrases from Methods Sections We used . . .” “The experimental apparatus has been described in detail elsewhere” “We also measured . . .” Stock Phrases from Results Sections “Our findings suggest . . .” “the dose-response relationship appears to be slightly stronger for . . .” “we found no clear relationship between . . . and . . .” “overall response rate” “We have calculated . . .” Stock Phrases from Results Sections “Figures 8-10 show . . .” “Typical data are shown in Figure 7.” “We found a marked difference between . . . and . . . ” Stock Phrases from Discussion Sections “several limitations” “There are other possible explanations” “efforts should be made to . . .” “This method could be used to . . .” “We have