小麦病害绿色防控措施.pptx

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2025-11-24 发布于陕西
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小麦病害绿色防控措施.pptx

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VII.GreenPreventionandControlofOtherWheatDiseasesandPests

CaoJian

VII.GreenPreventionandControlofOtherWheatDiseasesandPestsNameofDiseasePathogenSymptomsPathogenesisPreventionandControlMeasuresWheatSmutLooseSmutUstilagotritici,Basidiomycotina,withUstilagonudaasgamobiumItoccursatears.Theaffectedearsheadoutearlierthanthehealthyones,andturnintoblackpowderentirely.Atfirst,theaffectedspikeletiscoveredwithalayerofgraymembrane,afterwhichisbroken,blackpowder(chlamydospores)isscatteredoutandblownaway,onlyanemptyspike-stalkisleft.Itisaninfectiondiseaseoffloralorgans,onlyonceayear.Bacteria-bearingseedsaretheonlywaythediseasecanspread.Wheatissusceptibletodiseaseduetohighhumidityandlargeglume-openingangleinfloweringstage.Strictquarantine;theselectedseedstobesownshallbestrictlydisinfected.Forevery10kgofseeds,30gof75%carboxin,15mLof20%triadimefonemulsifiableconcentratesor15gof50%carbendazimwettablepowdermaybeusedforseeddressing.

Duringfieldmanagement,attentionshouldbepaidtotheapplicationofdisease-freefertilizer,theapplicationofdecomposedorganicfertilizer,andthetimelyremovalofaffectedplants.Sowingatanappropriatetime,andseedsshouldnotbesowntoodeep.StinkingSmutBasidiomycotina;twomainpathogens:TilletiacariesandTilletiafoetidaMainlyonears.Generally,theaffectedplantsareshort,withmanytillers.Theaffectedearsareslightlyshortandstraight,indarkercolors,grayishgreenatfirstandgrayishyellowlater.Theaffectedkernelsareshorterandthickerthanthehealthyones,turndarkgreenatfirst,andthengrayishblack,coveredwithalayerofgrayenvelope,whichisfilledwithblackpowder(chlamydospores),andthenbrokentoemitafishysmelloftrimethylamine.Thepathogenoverwintersoroversummersintheformofchlamydosporesattachedtothesurface