常用英语合成词汇集与用法.docxVIP

常用英语合成词汇集与用法

一、合成词概览：定义与构成

合成词，简而言之，是指由两个或两个以上词根语素组合构成的新词。其构成方式灵活多样，所形成的新词在词性、意义和用法上往往与原词既有联系又有区别。理解合成词的构成逻辑，是掌握其用法的基础。

二、主要合成词类型及实例解析

复合名词是合成词中最为常见的类型，通常由名词与名词、形容词与名词、动词与名词等组合而成，用以指代人、事、物等。

1.名词+名词(Noun+Noun)

*bookstore:书店(astorewherebooksaresold)

**Ineedtogotothebookstoretobuyagrammarguide.*

*classroom:教室(aroomwhereclassesareheld)

**Thestudentsarediscussingactivelyintheclassroom.*

*sunlight:阳光(lightfromthesun)

**Thesunlightfiltersthroughthewindow.*

*toothbrush:牙刷(abrushforcleaningteeth)

**Don’tforgettobringyourtoothbrushwhentraveling.*

2.形容词+名词(Adjective+Noun)

*blackboard:黑板(adark-coloredboardusedinclassrooms)

**Theteacherwrotethekeypointsontheblackboard.*

*highway:公路，高速公路(amainroadfortravelinglongdistances)

**Wetookthehighwaytoreachthecityfaster.*

**Thisnewsoftwaresimplifiesdataanalysis.*

3.动词+名词(Verb+Noun)

*breakfast:早餐(thefirstmealoftheday)

**Shealwayshasalightbreakfast.*

*pickpocket:扒手(apersonwhostealsfrompockets)

**Becarefulofpickpocketsincrowdedplaces.*

*playground:操场(anareaforchildrentoplay)

**Kidsarerunningandlaughingontheplayground.*

4.副词+名词(Adverb+Noun)

*downfall:垮台，衰败(asuddenlossofpowerorsuccess)

**Arroganceledtohisdownfall.*

复合形容词由不同词性的单词组合而成，用于修饰名词，使其描述更为精准和生动。这类合成词在句中常作定语，使用时需注意连字符的运用。

1.名词+形容词(Noun+Adjective)

*duty-free:免税的(exemptfromduty)

**Youcanbuyduty-freegoodsattheairport.*

*world-famous:世界闻名的(famousthroughouttheworld)

**Thisisaworld-famouslandmark.*

2.形容词+名词+(-ed)

*kind-hearted:心地善良的(havingakindnature)

**Sheisakind-heartedwomanwhoalwayshelpsothers.*

*short-sighted:近视的；目光短浅的(unabletoseefarclearly;lackingforesight)

**Heisshort-sightedandneedsglasses./It’sshort-sightedtoignoreenvironmentalissues.*

3.形容词+现在分词(Adjective+Pres