主板结构与功能及维修图示.pdfVIP

看图识别主板

主板的英文名称叫做Motherboard,也可以译做母板.从“母”字可以看

出主板在电脑各个配件中的重要性.主板不但是整个电脑系统平台的载体,还负担

着系统中各种信息的交流.好的主板可以让电脑更稳定地发挥系统性能,反之,系

统则会变得不稳定.因此,我们每个人都应该对主板有所了解.下面就以采用i845D

组的微星845Ultra－ARU主板为例,与朋友们一起看图闲话聊主板.

主板的构成:主板的平面是一块PCB印刷电路板,分为四层板和六层板.

为了节约成本,现在的主板多为四层板:主信号层、接地层、电源层、次信号

层.而六层板增加了辅助电源层和中信号层.六层PCB的主板抗电磁干扰能力更强,

主板也更加稳定.在电路板上面,是错落有致的电路布线;再上面,则为棱角分明的各

个部件:插槽、、电阻、电容等.当主机加电时,电流会在瞬间通过CPU、南北桥

、内存插槽、AGP插槽、PCI插槽、IDE接口以及主板边缘的串口、并口、

PS/2接口等.随后,主板会根据BIOS（基本输入输出系统）来识别硬件，并进入操

作系统发挥出支撑系统平台工作的功能.

图1主板各部件示意图

Recognizethemotherboardwithapicture

TheEnglishnameofthemotherboardisMotherboard,whichcanalsobe

translatedasamotherboard.Fromthewordmaternity,wecanseethe

importanceofthemotherboardamongvariouscomputeraccessories.The

motherboardisnotonlythecarrieroftheentirecomputersystemtform,

butalsobearsthecommunicationofvariousinformationinthesystem.Agoo

dmotherboardcanmakethecomputermorestableinthesystem

performance,andthesystemwillbecomeunstable.Therefore,eachofus

shouldhavesomeunderstandingofthemotherboard.Let’staketheMSI845

Ultra-ARUmotherboardthatusesthei845Dchipsetasanexample,andgossip

withfriendstowatchpicturesandchataboutthemotherboard.

Thecompositionofthemotherboard:TheneofthemotherboardisaPCBprintedcircuitboard,

dividedintofour-layerboardsandsix-layerboards.

Inordertosavecosts,thecurrentmotherboardsaremostlyfour-layer

boards:mainsignallayer,groundlayer,powerlayer,andsecondarysignal

layer.Thesix-layerboardaddsauxiliarypowerlayerandsignal

layer.Thesix-layerPCBmotherboardhasstrongeranti-electroic