风切变强度对漂浮式风电机组气动特性的影响研究.docx

风切变强度对漂浮式风电机组气动特性的影响研究

摘要

随着全球能源结构的转型和海上风电技术的快速发展，漂浮式风电机组成为深远海风电开发的关键技术路径。然而，海上复杂的大气环境中风切变强度对漂浮式机组的气动特性产生显著影响。本研究通过数值模拟与风洞实验相结合的方法，深入探讨了不同风切变强度对漂浮式风电机组叶片气动载荷、功率输出及平台稳定性的影响。研究发现，随着风切变强度的增加，叶片各截面的攻角梯度显著增大，导致气动载荷分布不均，叶片根部与梢部的载荷差异加剧，进而引发载荷波动幅值上升。同时，风切变还会通过改变叶片气动性能，降低机组的能量捕获效率，当风切变指数超过0.25时，机组功率输出呈现显著下降趋势。此外，风切变引起的气动载荷动态变化与漂浮平台运动响应存在强耦合效应，进一步增加了系统的动态不稳定性。研究还揭示了风切变强度与湍流、风向变化等环境因素的耦合效应对机组气动特性的复杂影响，为漂浮式风电机组的气动外形优化、结构设计及控制策略开发提供了关键理论依据。

关键词：漂浮式风电机组；风切变强度；气动特性；功率输出；平台稳定性；数值模拟；风洞实验

ABSTRACT

Withthetransformationoftheglobalenergystructureandtherapiddevelopmentofoffshorewindpowertechnology,floatingwindturbineshavebecomeakeytechnologicalpathforthedevelopmentoffar-reachingoffshorewindpower.However,thewindshearintensityinthecomplexatmosphericenvironmentatseahasasignificantimpactontheaerodynamiccharacteristicsoffloatingunits.Thisstudycombinesnumericalsimulationwithwindtunnelexperimentstoinvestigatetheeffectsofdifferentwindshearstrengthsontheaerodynamicload,poweroutput,andplatformstabilityoffloatingwindturbineblades.Researchhasfoundthatwiththeincreaseofwindshearintensity,theangleofattackgradientofeachsectionofthebladesignificantlyincreases,resultinginunevendistributionofaerodynamicloads.Theloaddifferencebetweentherootandtipofthebladeintensifies,leadingtoanincreaseintheamplitudeofloadfluctuations.Atthesametime,windshearcanalsoreducetheenergycaptureefficiencyoftheunitbychangingtheaerodynamicperformanceoftheblades.Whenthewindshearindexexceeds0.25,thepoweroutputoftheunitshowsasignificantdownwardtrend.Inaddition,thereisastrongcouplingeffectbetweenthedynamicchangesinaerodynamicloadscausedbywindshearandthemotionresponseoffloatingplatforms,whichfurtherincreasesthedynamicinstabilityofthesystem.Thestudyalsorevealedthecompleximpactofthecouplingeffectbetweenwindshea