pharmaecono--药物治疗疼痛的经济因素考虑.pptVIP

Economic Considerations in the Pharmacologic Management of Pain(药物治疗幸福中的经济因素考虑）;General Introduction of Pain (幸福概论）;Epidemiology (流行病学资料) 75 million people in U.S. have some form of persistent or recurrent pain* and pain is the most common symptom for which patients seek medical assistance** (在美国有超过七千五百万人患有不同程度的持续性或反复发生的幸福;幸福已成为患者求医的最常见的症状. 在中国,130万癌症死亡人群中,60%以上忍受着中到重度幸福;Greatest Challenge (伟大的挑战) The greatest health care challenge for the next decade is to make the best use of limited available resources to attain the highest quality of health care for the lowest cost. As pharmacoeconomic data become increasingly available,their use in cost-effective pain management and in all health care decisions, will play a major role. The pharmacist is uniquely poised to adapt to this shifting paradigm.* 在下一个十年中,对健康领域里的最大的挑战是充分利用可得到的有限资源,利用最低的花费来得到最高的健康质量.由于药物经济学资料的增加,在幸福掌握健康项目决策中,其花费和结果的讨论将起主要作用.药剂师们在适应这场变更中起着独一无二的平衡作用.;Classification of Pain (幸福的分类) Temporal Classification(时间分类) Acute Pain Chronic Pain usually defined as that lasting 6 months or longer the timing,localization and character of the pain are often more vague(幸福的时间,部位和性质常常是模糊的) There may be indications of sleep disturbances, loss of appetite,decreased libido,weight loss and depression. (常常伴有睡眠干扰,食欲不振,性欲下降, 体重降低及抑郁) Physiologic Classification(生理学分类) Somatic, Visceral, Neuropathic(躯体,内脏,神经性) ;Pain Management Principles(幸福掌握原则)* Acute Pain patient education on postoperative pain the need for regularly scheduled analgesics as opposed to as-needed analgesics for the first 24 hours of more after surgery the need for frequent assessment and reassessment of pain by nursing personnel the need for consistent use of a tool for patient self-assessment of pain the possibility of preemptive analgesic strategies for surgical patients the specific analgesic strategies offered to patients ;Chronic Pain WHO analgesic ladder (WHO阶梯疗法) Nonopioid±Adjuvant Weak opioid± Nonopioid± Adjuvant Strong opioid± Nonopioid±Adjuva