高考英语语法—There be句型.pdfVIP

穷则独善其身，达则兼善天下。——《孟子》 There be 句型 一、构成 ：There be 是英语中常用句型， 意思是“有”，表示“人或事物的存在”。 其结构为 There be(is ，are ，was, were )+名词 +地点状语。There 在此结构中是引导词，已经没有副词“那 里”的含义。There be 后面的名词是句子的主语，属倒装结构。例如： There are fifty-two students in our class. There is a pencil in my pencil-case. There was an old house by the river five years ago. 二、各种句式 ： 1.否定句：There be 句型否定句式的构成和含有 be 动词的其它句型一样，在 be 后加上“not”。 也可用“no”来表示。即：no + n. （名词）= not a\an\any + n. （名词）。 注意：no + n. （可数名词单数）= not a\an + n. （可数名词单数）； no + n. （可数名词复数）= not any + n. （可数名词复数）； no + n. （不可数名词）= not any + n. （不可数名词）。例如： There is an orange in her bag. →There isn’t an orange in her bag. →There is no orange in her bag. 吾日三省乎吾身。为人谋而不忠乎？与朋友交而不信乎？传不习乎？——《论语》 好学近乎知，力行近乎仁，知耻近乎勇。——《中庸》 There are some oranges in her bag. →There aren’t any oranges in her bag. →There are no oranges in her bag. There is some juice in the bottle. →There isn’t any juice in the bottle. →There is no juice in the bottle. 2. 一般疑问句：There be 结构的一般疑问句变化只需把 be 动词移到句首，再在句尾加上问号即 可。例如： There is some money in her handbag. → Is there any money in her handbag? (疑问句和否 定句中，some 改为 any, something 改为 anything.) There is something new in today’s newspaper. →There isn’t anything new in today’s newspaper. →Is there anything new in today’s newspaper? 3. 特殊疑问句：There be 句型的特殊疑问句有以下三种形式： ① 对主语提问：当主语是人时，用 “Who’s +介词短语?”；当主语是物时，用 “What’s + 介词短语?”。其中 there 在口语中常常省略。注意：无论原句的主语是单数还是复数，对其提问时一 般都用 be 的单数形式(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。如： There is a bird in the tree. →What’s in the tree? 一寸光阴一寸金，寸金难买寸光阴。——《增广贤文》 忍一句，息一怒，饶一着，退一步。——《增广贤文》 There are some bikes over there. →What’s over there? There is a little girl in the room. →Who is in the room? ② 对地点状语提问：用 “Where is\ are + 主语?”