理学分子生物学英文.pptxVIP

1理学分子生物学英文第1页/共91页 2Molecular Biology of the Gene, 5/E --- Watson et al. (2004)Part I: Chemistry and Genetics Part II: Maintenance of the Genome Part III: Expression of the GenomePart IV: RegulationPart V: Methods2005-5-10第2页/共91页 3Chapter 16 Regulation principles and How genes are regulated in bacteriaChapter 17 Basic mechanism of gene expression in eukaryotesChapter 18 The mechanism of RNAi and the role of miRNA in development and cancer第3页/共91页 4Chapter 18: RNAi and miRNA regulationMolecular Biology Course第4页/共91页 5OutlinesThe background and discovery of miRNAsRNAi discovery and mechanismmiRNA biogenesis and regulationmiRNA roles in development, cell differentiation and virusmiRNA in cancersiRNA application第5页/共91页 6Topic 1: The background and discovery of miRNAsCHAPTER 18 RNAi and miRNA regulation一、miRNA发现的背景和miRNA发现第6页/共91页 7后基因组时代的分子生物学Maintenance of the Genome (基因组保持)Expression of the Genome (基因组表达)Regulation (调控)第7页/共91页 8DNA Double Helix (1953) Francis H. Crick James D. Watson 生命科学20世纪的里程碑第8页/共91页 中心法则－The Central Dogma (1953-1956) 是分子生物学的基本框架DNARNAProteinReplication复制Transcription转录Translation翻译第9页/共91页 10后基因组时代的中心法则RNA processingGene regulationDNA repair and recombination基因组的保持基因组的表达第10页/共91页 11后基因组时代的基因调控：RNA 调控Most of the RNA transcribed from your genome doesn’t make protein. Carina Dennis talks to the revolutionaries who believe that it functions in gene-regulatory networks that underlie the complexity of higher organisms.第11页/共91页 12含有30亿对碱基的人类基因组仅含有2－3万个蛋白质基因，是果蝇的两倍，啤酒酵母的4倍。显而易见，生物的复杂性不由编码蛋白质的数目决定。人类基因组的蛋白质编码区的总和占总基因组长度为1－2％，那么其他98％的基因组有什么功能呢？当然，在这98％的非蛋白质编码基因组序列里，约24％为插入编码序列的内含子序列；人类基因平均每个基因有7个内含子。但这么冗长的内含子序列有什么生物学功能呢？人类基因组草图带给科学家们的困惑第12页/共91页 13人类基因组绝大部分都被转录成RNA，细胞内非编码RNA的数量是编码RNA的上百倍。这促使许多科学家认为生物体复杂性被隐藏在它们所输出的非编码RNA内，而非编码序列内。 第13页/共91页 14The discovery of miRNAs miRNA was first discovered in 1993 by Victor Ambros at Harvard (lin-4) The second miRNA Let-7 was discovered in 2000 by Frank Slack as a postdoc at Harvard (Ruvkun lab)Victor AmbrosGary