帕梅拉-欣德勒-管理研究方法（英文版·第13版）Schindler_CH_14_Accessible.pptxVIP

Business Research MethodsThirteenth EditionPamela S. SchindlerSTAGE 4: HYPOTHESIS TESTINGChapter 14?2019 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom. No reproduction or further distribution permitted without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Learning ObjectivesUnderstand . . . The nature and logic of hypothesis testing.A statistically significant differenceThe six-step hypothesis testing procedure.The differences between parametric and nonparametric tests and when to use each.The factors that influence the selection of an appropriate test of statistical significance.How to interpret the various test statistics. Research Thought Leader“A fact is a simple statement that everyone believes. It is innocent, unless found guilty. A hypothesis is a novel suggestion that no one wants to believe. It is guilty, until found effective.”Edward Teller, theoretical physicist,“father of the hydrogen bomb”(1908–2003) Hypothesis TestingInduction ReasoningDeduction Reasoning Reasoning and Hypotheses (1 of 2)Inductions are an inferential leap from the evidence presented.= Reasoning and Hypotheses (2 of 2)Deductions are only as good as the premises on which they are based.≠ Statistical ProceduresInferential StatisticsDescriptive Statistics Hypothesis Testing and the Research ProcessJump to long description The “Ah-Ha” MomentWhen researchers sift through the chaos and find what matters. Approaches to Hypothesis TestingClassical statisticsObjective view of probabilityEstablished hypothesis is rejected or fails to be rejectedAnalysis based on sample dataBayesian statisticsExtension of classical approachAnalysis based on sample dataAlso considers established subjective probability estimates Significance HypothesesStatistical SignificancePractical Significance Null vs. Alternative HypothesesNullH0: ? = 60 mpgH0: ? 60 mpgH0: ? 60 mpgAlternativeHA: ? ≠ 60 mpgHA: ? 60 mpgHA: ? 60 mpg Two-Tailed Test of SignificanceJ