毕业设计外文文献—Spring.docxVIP

附录A 外文翻译—原文部分 Spring Boot in Action. Craig Wall. Manning Publications，2016. 1.1 Spring rebooted Spring started as a lightweight alternative to Java Enterprise Edition (JEE, or J2EE as it was known at the time). Rather than develop components as heavyweight Enterprise JavaBeans (EJBs), Spring offered a simpler approach to enterprise Java development, utilizing dependency injection and aspect-oriented programming to achieve the capabilities of EJB with plain old Java objects (POJOs). But while Spring was lightweight in terms of component code, it was heavyweight in terms of configuration. Initially, Spring was configured with XML (and lots of it). Spring 2.5 introduced annotation-based component-scanning, which eliminated a great deal of explicit XML configuration for an application’s own components. And Spring 3.0 introduced a Java-based configuration as a type-safe and refactorable option to XML. Even so, there was no escape from configuration. Enabling certain Spring features such as transaction management and Spring MVC required explicit configuration, either in XML or Java. Enabling third-party library features such as Thymeleaf-based web views required explicit configuration. Configuring servlets and filters (such as Spring’s DispatcherServlet) required explicit configuration in web.xml or in a servlet initializer. Component-scanning reduced configuration and Java configuration made it less awkward, but Spring still required a lot of configuration. All of that configuration represents development friction. Any time spent writing configuration is time spent not writing application logic. The mental shift required to think about configuring a Spring feature distracts from solving the business problem. Like any framework, Spring does a lot for you, but it demands that you do a lot for it in return. Moreover, project dependency management is a thankless task. Deciding what libraries need to be part of the project build is tricky enough. But it’s even more challeng