毕业设计外文文献—为什么是Spring？.docxVIP

附录A 外文翻译—原文部分 Form : Professional Java Development with the Spring Framework by Rod Johnsonet al. John Wiley Sons 2005 Why Spring? The Spring Framework is an open source application framework that aims to make J2EE developmenteasier. In this chapter well look at the motivation for Spring, its goals, and how Spring can help youdevelop high-quality applications quickly. Important ：Spring is an application framework. Unlike single-tier frameworks such as Struts or Hibernate, Spring aims to help structure whole applications in a consistent, productive manner, pulling together best-of-breed single-tier frameworks to create a coherent architecture. Problems with the Traditional Approach to J2EE Since the widespread implementation of J2EE applications in 1999/2000, J2EE has not been an unqualified success in practice. While it has brought a welcome standardization to core middle- tier concepts such as transaction management, many — perhaps most — J2EE applications are overcomplex, take excessive effort to develop, and exhibit disappointing performance. While Spring is applicable in a wide range of environments — not just server-side J2EE applications — the original motivation for Spring was the J2EE environment, and Spring offers many valuable services for use in J2EE applications. Experience has highlighted specific causes of complexity and other problems in J2EE applications. (Of course, not all of these problems are unique to J2EE!) In particular: J2EE applications tend to contain excessive amounts of plumbing code. In the many code reviews weve done as consultants, time and time again we see a high proportion of code that doesnt do anything: JNDI lookup code, Transfer Objects, try/catch blocks to acquire and release JDBC resources. . . . Writing and maintaining such plumbing code proves a major drain on resources that should be focused on the applications business domain. Many J2EE applications use a distributed object model where this is inappropriate. This is one