平衡与姿势学习.pptxVIP

第1页/共92页平衡和姿势安得烈-麦克唐纳第2页/共92页What is Balance?Technically defined as the ability to maintain the center-of-gravity (COG) of an object within its base-of-support (BOS)第3页/共92页什么是平衡学术上定义为物体在支撑面上保持重心稳定的能力。Technically：adv.技术上，工艺上；学术上；专业上 第4页/共92页What is Posture?The stereotypical alignment of body/limb segmentsTypesStanding (static)Walking - running (dynamic)SittingLyingLifting第5页/共92页什么是姿势？身体或肢体的常规标准是：Types：类型；类型 Standing (static)：站（静态）Walking - running (dynamic);步行运行（动态 )Sitting:坐Lying：卧Lifting：举起，抬起 第6页/共92页Stereotypical：n.常规 Alignment：n.队列，排成直线；结盟；校直，调整；[工]准线 Limb：n.肢，翼；大树枝；分支；枝干vt.割断……的四肢，肢解；砍树枝Segments：n.部分（ segment的名词复数 ）；瓣；[计算机]（字符等的）分段；[动物学]节片 第7页/共92页Relationship - Balance PosturePostural alignment (and the changes/adjustments made due to perturbations) is the way balance is maintainedMaintaining the COG within the BOSIf this relationship isn’t maintained then a system will be unbalanced第8页/共92页平衡和姿势的关系姿势的调整（这种改变或干扰是由于干扰形成的）是保持平衡的方法。通过支撑面保持重心如果这种关系不保持然后系统将不平衡Perturbations：干扰第9页/共92页Base of SupportStaticDynamicxTM-L TM-RxWalkingH-Hx - Vertical projection of COG第10页/共92页支撑面x - Vertical projection of COG：X-重心的垂直投影Vertical ：adj.垂直的，竖立的 projection：n.预测；规划，设计；[心]投射；突起物第11页/共92页Transition - Static to Dynamic BOSHeel-to-heel distance will decreaseFeet come together toward midlineToe-to-midline distance will decreaseReflects “toe-in”Overall effect - BOS narrows第12页/共92页静态到动态支撑面转变（过渡）脚跟与脚跟的距离会减少---脚一起朝向中线脚趾到中线的距离会减少---反应了脚趾整体效果就是支撑面变小Transition ：n.过渡，转变，变迁 第13页/共92页The Effect of a Narrowed BOSChances of COG falling within BOS decreaseSubject becomes less (un-) balancedCOG moves forward of BOS - precursor event to walkingFoot will be advanced to extend the dynamic BOS 第14页/共92页支撑面减小的影响由于支撑面减小重心落点会改变。----物体变得失去平衡或不平衡重心随着支撑面移动—走路的前提脚会提前扩大动态的支撑面第15页/共92页Center-of-GravityThe point about which the mass is evenly distributedThe balance pointIf an object is symmetrically loaded the COG will be at the geometric center第16页/共92页重心质量均匀分布的点平衡点如果一个对象是对称载体，那么它的重心在其几何中心。第17页/共92页C