讲稿chapter群体遗传学.pptxVIP

1 Chapter 7Genetic Variation in Populations Wang xiaozhu 2014-03-24 2 Population Genetics群体遗传学 Population genetics is the study of the distribution of genes in populations and of how the frequencies of genes and genotypes are maintained or changed. 以群体为单位，研究群体内的遗传结构及其变化规律的遗传学分支学科。 3 We will discuss Genetic Diversity in Human Populations Genotypes , Gene Frequencies and Phenotypes The Hardy-Weinberg Law Frequency of X-Linked Genes and Genotypes Factors that Disturb Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium 4 Mendelian Population 孟德尔群体 A Reproductive community of individuals which share in a common gene pool (Dobzhansky 1950). 能相互交配和繁殖的个体群，他们共享一个基因库。 Gene Pool: a collection of all the alleles at a particular locus for the entire population. Groups of individuals any two of which have equal probability of mating and producing offspring (Wright, 1943). 5 Genetic Diversity in Human Populations Alleles Locus: Particular chromosomal location Alleles: Different versions of a particular DNA sequence at locus Selectively neutral genetic markers Genetic polymorphism 6 Genetic Diversity in Human Populations Factors that affect alleles and genotypes frequencies Genetic factors Mutation Reproduction Environmental and societal factors Founder effect 奠基者效应 Genetic drift 遗传漂变 Selection 选择（自然或人为） 7 We will discuss Genetic Diversity in Human Populations Gene Frequencies ,Phenotypes and Genotypes The Hardy-Weinberg Law Frequency of X-Linked Genes and Genotypes Factors that Disturb Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium 8 Phenotypes, Genotypes and Gene Frequencies Genotype Frequency  Allele Frequency Allele Frequency  Genotype Frequency Genotype  phenotypes ? 9 Gene Frequency 基因频率 Allele frequency the proportion of all alleles at one gene locus that are of one specific type in a population. 一个群体中，某类等位基因的数量占该基因座上全部等位基因的比率。 10 Gene F