医学交流课件：肝脏、胆囊和脾脏.pptVIP

PART 5 LIVER, GALLBLADDER and SPLEEN 肝脏、胆囊和脾脏 LIVER 肝脏 INDICATIONS 适应症 liver enzymes 肝酶升高 Clinical symptoms 临床症状 Secondary liver disease 继发的肝脏疾病 Follow-up of recurrent hepatic disorders 再发性肝脏疾病的定期检查 LIVER 肝脏 LANDMARKS 位置标志 Clip hair along costal arch 沿肋弓剃毛 Deep-chested dogs 深胸犬 One to two intercostal spaces 要暴露1-2个肋间隙 Dorsal, left or right lateral recumbency 背侧，左侧或右侧卧 Subcostal approach usually sufficient for all liver lobes 肋骨下通路，常可检查到所有的肝叶 LIVER 肝脏 PITFALLS 陷阱 Deep-chested dogs 深胸型犬 Microhepatica 肝脏小 Spleen displaced cranially 脾脏前移 Obese patients 肥胖动物 Falciform fat 镰状脂肪 Overlying subcutaneous fat 上方的皮下脂肪 Over-full stomach 过大的胃 Gas-filled colon 充满气的结肠 LIVER 肝脏 ULTRASONOGRAPHIC ANATOMY 超声解剖 Four lobes 4个肝叶 Left, right, quadrate, caudate 左叶、右叶、方叶、尾叶 Four sublobes 4个附叶 Right, left lateral and medial 左右外侧叶、左右内侧叶 Two processes 两个突 Caudate, papillary 尾状突，乳突 Triad of vessels at hilus 肝门血管3联征 Portal vein 门静脉 CVC 后腔静脉 Aorta 主动脉 LIVER 肝脏 ULTRASONOGRAPHIC ANATOMY 超声解剖 LIVER 肝脏 PATHOLOGY 病理 Diffuse changes in echogenicity 弥散性回声改变 Hyperechoic 高回声 Steroid hepatopathy 类固醇激素肝病 Fibrosis 纤维变性 Lymphoma 淋巴瘤 Lipidosis 脂肪沉淀 LIVER 肝脏 PATHOLOGY 病理 Diffuse changes in echogenicity 弥散性回声改变 Hypoechoic 低回声 Passive congestion 被动充血 Acute hepatopathies 急性肝病 Lymphoma 淋巴瘤 Histiocytosis 细胞增多症 Amyloidosis 淀粉样变 Cholangiohepatitis 胆管性肝炎 LIVER 肝脏 PATHOLOGY 病理 Diffuse changes in echogenicity 弥散性回声变化 Mixed echogenicity 混合型回声 Benign hyperplasia 良性增生 Carcinoma 癌 Metastases 转移灶 Necrosis 坏死 Amyloidosis 淀粉样变 Lymphoma 淋巴瘤 LIVER 肝脏 PATHOLOGY 病理 Changes in hepatic volume 肝脏体积的改变 Hepatomegaly (HM) 肝肿大 Steroid hepatopathy 类固醇肝病 Lipidosis 脂肪沉淀 Acute hepatopathies 急性肝病 Passive congestion 被动充血 Infiltrative neoplasia 浸润性肿瘤 Diffuse metastases 弥散性转移灶 Amyloidosis 淀粉样变 LIVER 肝脏 PATHOLOGY 病理 Changes in hepatic volume (Microhepatica) 肝脏