系统的描述与模型建立..docxVIP

第三章 系统的描述与模型建立 Chapter 3. Description of Systems and Modeling 3.1 系统的描述 3.1 Description of Systems 在对系统进行分析时 , 要对所研究的系统进行描述 . 即为从开始确定问题时所写的问题 剖析报告到具体的数学模型公式或计算机程序 . 目的是使我们确立对系统的认识 , 便 于和其他人进行交流和解释 . When analyzing a system, it is needed to describe the system of interest, that is, from writing the problem identification and analysis to furnishing the concrete mathematic model or computer programs. The purpose of doing so is to better learn the system, and better communicate with other staff members in the project. 自然语言能够形象生动地说明问题 , 特别是一词多意 , 一意多词 , 丰富多彩 , 富于表现力. 但随着对事物认识从表面到本质 , 由定性到定量 , 要求对描述事物的语言有更高的 精度 , 自然语言很难胜任 . 同一句话可能有不同的理解 , 造成表达上的混乱 . The natural language can be used to more vividly describe the problem, especially one word may contain/convey more-than-one implications, and is full of thrust. However, along with the deeper and better understanding the phenomena, from naturally to quantitatively, one is required to add more accuracy to the subject, and natural language is not able to have such competency to do the job. This is because one word/sentence may be understood differently, and thus give rise to confusion. -  科学术语用精练浓缩的形式集中表现大量知识语和它表达的思维内容有唯一确定的对应关系  , .  比自然语言有更大的精确 单义性但是精确性和明确性仍然受到限制  .  .  术 符号语言 , 或代码语言用来代替科学术语 , 使科学语言更加简明和抽象 , 但是信息承载 量大大增加 . 通用性好 , 一经约定 , 不同国家和民族的人都可以使用 . Science terminologies use very concise and condensed meaning to convey a large multitude of knowledge collectively, with much better improved accuracy, and with more concentrated definition. Terminologies has an one-to-one match to the thinking in terms of contents, but the accuracy/precision is not satisfactory. To remedy this weakness, symbol language is created to replace the science terminology, on one hand, making it able to be even more concise and abstract, on the other hand, able to contain much more information. Anyone with any nationality may understand it once agreed. 3.2 量化和尺度 3.2 Quantify and Measure (自学 ) (self review) 3.3 数据的管理 3.3 Management of