6第六单元 文化习俗.docVIP

第六单元 文化习俗 文化是一个很大的概念。狭义的文化是指观念形态的文化，仅限于意识形态；广义的文化则是指人类社会的全部遗产，囊括社会生活的全部领域。文化的内容极其丰富，包括物质文化、精神文化及行为文化。在我们的国际交流与交往中，了解对方的文化传统和风俗习惯（比如节日、婚庆习俗、社交礼仪等）会给汉英两个民族相互学习与交流带来许多便利和帮助。 人类共同的生物基础在适应环境的过程中使得我们具有了文化的多样性和共同性。人类心理与行为都是受社会文化影响的，因此在我们这个世界里存在着各种各样的文化。跨文化心理学研究发现，世界各地的文化也有其“内在的统一性”，这种统一性就是人类共同的文化。即使在道德伦理方面，也有人类的共同文化，比如人道地对待已投降的战俘、尊老爱幼、严禁乱伦。在友谊方面人类也有相同的规范，比如尊重朋友的隐私、不泄露彼此的秘密等。在人际交往方面，各民族也有文化的共同性，比如人们在对地位比自己高的人说话时通常会采用较为尊敬的语气，而对地位较低的人说话则更像是和熟人聊天；病人会称呼医生“某某医生”，而医生往往直呼病人的姓名；学生和老师之间也以这种非对等的方式称呼彼此。 在文化资料翻译的过程中，一定要清理文化的共同性和差异性，采用恰当的处理方法，使原文中的文化现象被译入语读者所理解和感受。 第11课 英语文化习俗资料汉译 英汉对比赏析 一、英语原文 British Pub Etiquette and Customs (Excerpt) Anonymous [1] Visitors to Britain may find the best place to sample local culture is in a traditional pub. But these friendly hostelries can be minefields of potential gaffes for the uninitiated. [2] An anthropologist and a team of researchers have unveiled some of the arcane rituals of British pubs—starting with the difficulty of getting a drink. Most pubs have no waiter—you have to got to the bar to buy drinks. A group of Italian youths waited for 45 minutes before they realized they would have to fetch their own. This may sound inconvenient, but there is a hidden purpose. [3] Pub etiquette is designed to promote sociability in a society known for its reserve. Standing at the bar for service allows you to chat with others waiting to be served. The bar counter is possibly the only site in the British Isles in which friendly conversation with strangers is considered entirely appropriate and really quite normal behaviour. “If you haven’t been to a pub, you haven’t been to Britain.” This tip can be found in a booklet, Passport to the Pub: The Tourists’ Guide to Pub Etiquette, a customers’ code of conduct for those wanting to sample British life and culture. [4] The trouble is that if you do not follow the local rules, the experience may fall flat. For example, if you are in a big group, it is best if only one or two people go to buy the drinks. Nothi