unit9无主句的翻译.ppt

第五章 无主句的翻译 汉语是非形态语言，并不注重句法结构形式上的完整，只要在上下文中句义清楚，省去句中的主语或其他成分是常见的，因此汉语是主题显著的语言，其所突出的是主题而不是主语。而英语中形合法现象较为普遍，为使句子在形式保持结构完整，绝大部分句子都不能没有主语。及物动词后面不能没有宾语，即使没有合适的主语或宾语，也常常要拉出一个诸如it, this, that 等来作为形式主语或宾语填补上，以满足形式完整的需要。因此，英语是主语显著的语言，它所突出的是主语。汉语无主句或主语省略句译成英语时应根据上下文增加主语或变换句式。 一、增补主语 1.采取积极措施，促进全社会固定资产投资较快增长。 We will adopt vigorous measures to promote rapid expansion of total fixed asset investment. 2.学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。 He who learns but does not think is lost; he who thinks but does not learn is perilous. 3.上次见到你到现在已经快两年了。 It’s almost two years since I saw you last. 4.到我们大学开车去只需二十分钟。 It’s only twenty minutes’ drive to our college. 5.知己知彼，百战不殆。 You can fight a hundred battles without defeat if you know the enemy as well as yourself. 二、译成被动句 1.实施科教兴国战略取得新进展，各项社会事业全面进步。 Fresh progress was made in implementing the strategy of developing the country through science, technology and education and all social undertakings developed. 2.大力推推进新的农业科技革命。 Great efforts will be made to promote the new agricultural technological revolution. 3.大多数中学里都教英语。 English is being taught in most middle schools. 三、译成祈使句 1.不要干涉我国的内部事务。 Don’t interfere with the internal affairs of our country. 2.一定不要忘记离家前父母对你说过的话。 Be sure not to forget what your parents said to you before your leaving home. 3.好好学习，天天向上。 Study hard and make progress every day. 四、译成英语的倒装句 1.村口的大树下坐着一群孩子。 Under the great tree near the village sat many children. 2.大门两边站着一对威严的石狮。 On either side of the gate stands a stone lion in its might. 五、用无生物词语作主语 英美人较强调客观，因而英语句子常以物或抽象概念作主语。汉语无主句译成英语时，视句子具体情况，也可用无生物词作主语。 1.真没想到他是个不诚实的人。 It has never occurred to me that he is a dishonest man. 2.在罗马发生过许多重大历史事件。 Rome witnessed great historic events. 3.在历史上，由于长江不断改道在武汉地区形成了众多的湖泊。 The constant change of the course of the Changjiang River in history helped form a great many lakes in the areas around Wuhan. 4.自改革开放以来，在农村有了翻天覆地的变化。 Great changes have taken place in the countryside since the initiation of the reform and opening-up. 5.搞得我心乱如麻。 It made me completely ups