自然环境与健康-土壤污染.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Results Intentional pesticide poisoning cases and deaths (suicide) Results The pesticide suicide is serious public health problem in Chinese olds Summary The intentional pesticide poisoning exposure accounts for most of poisoning cases and deaths. The occupational pesticide poisoning is common for males during the farming season. The fatality is high in pesticide poisoning olds. The pesticide suicide is serious public health problem in Chinese olds. Future direction beyond pesticide suicide Database 2006-2010 Dec 31, 2013 Retrospective cohort 7 years follow-up Dec 2017 Dec 2022 Database 2006-2012 Perspective cohort 5 years follow-up Perspective cohort 10 years follow-up Endpoints: Cancer (Glioma) Neurodegenerative disease (ALS, AD, PD) Intervention From 2013 Cases/Deaths Incidence/Mortality Endpoints: ALS, AD, PD Future direction Understanding of chronic health implications from both acute and chronic pesticide exposure on the next generation (19y) 1,621 pesticide poisoning cases from 2006 to 2010 56 deaths 1,565 pesticide poisoning cases Dec 2017 Dec 2022 Perspective cohort 5 years follow-up Perspective cohort 10 years follow-up Endpoints: Psychomotor Mental development, Cognitive function, Inattention/attention-deficit Hyperactivity disorder Neurobehavioral and neurodevelopmental effects Roberts et al., Pediatrics. 2012, 130: e1765; ; Hawton et al., Lancet. 2012,379: 2373 Lee et al., EHP. 2011,119:1162. （三）土壤的卫生防护原则 1. 工业废渣处理 2. 粪便无害化处理 3. 垃圾无害化处理 4. 污水处理 5. 合理施用农药和化肥 第四节 灾害卫生 引 言 ◆基于世界范围“天灾人祸”的日益增加，如何有效预防灾害以及怎样将其损害降到最低限度，是现实社会不可回避的挑战。 ◆灾害不仅对人员造成伤亡、对人群健康水平造成影响，而且对社会造成破坏，尤其对社会卫生状况造成破坏。 ◆灾害对健康的伤害是立体的，不仅是生理上的死与伤问题，同时还存在心理的伤害问题。 ◆我国是世界上自然灾害发生最严重的少数国家之一，自然灾害种类多、频度高、强度大、损失严重。自然灾害给人民生命财产带来巨大损失，严重影响了我国的可持续发展。 ◆本节主要介绍自然灾害对人群生命及健康影响规律，卫生应急处理方法以及自然灾害条件下疾病控制对策。 引 言 WHO把灾害定义 为：sudden ecological phenomenon