453-基于多目标优化的冷水机组运行策略.pdfVIP

基于多目标优化的冷水机组运行策略 同济大学 裘舒年，张炜杰，李嘉劼，李铮伟*, 李振海 摘 要：冷水机组的运行能耗约占整个空调系统能耗的30-40%，冷水机组运行策略的 优劣对建筑节能管理有很重要的作用。为了更好的了解目前冷水机组的运行现状并指导冷水 机组的运行策略制定，作者对上海市建筑进行实地调研，通过调研结果建立关于室内环境和 机组能耗的效用函数，利用效用函数对冷水机组的运行进行多目标优化。对常见的三种运行 策略以及文中构建的策略进行模拟。结果表明多目标优化运行策略在保证室内舒适度的基础 上具有很好的节能效果，并且通过均匀分配机组运行时间延长了整个空调系统的运行寿命。 关键词：冷水机组，效用函数，能耗模拟，多目标优化 Abstract ：30%-40% energy consumption of the HVAC system is caused by chillers. The energy consumption of chillers highly depends on the quality of the operation strategy. In order to enhance the efficiency of HVAC system, it’s necessary to optimize the operation strategy of chillers. A chiller operation strategy based on multiple-objective optimization is proposed in this paper. With effectiveness functions, two objectives (i.e., indoor comfort and energy consumption) are quantified and integrated to one comprehensive indicator. The operation condition is optimized by an optimization algorithm to maximize the comprehensive indicator. The validation study is conducted on TRNSYS with the measured cooling load data of a commercial building in Shanghai. The simulation results suggest that compared with three typical operation strategies adopted in Shanghai buildings, the proposed strategy could save more energy with limited sacrifice of indoor comfort. Besides, the proposed strategy could put off the discard date of chillers by balancing the running time of each chiller. Keywords ：Chiller ，Effectiveness functions ，Energy simulation ，Multiple-objective optimization 0 引言 建筑能耗中 30%为空调系统及其辅助设备电力消耗。空调系统总能耗中冷水机组的运 行能耗约占整个空调系统能耗的 30-40% 。大型建筑中为了提高空调系统的在不同负荷条件 下的灵活性，往往会采用多台冷水机组 [1]。在这种情况下，多台冷水机组的运行控制策略 显得十分重要。目前对于冷水机组运行策略的研究集中于最优冷机序列和最优冷机负荷。 最优冷机序列 (OCS, optimal chiller sequencing)，即在建筑空调负荷变动时，通过合理 的开关冷机，使机组整体能效维持在较高水平，以节约能耗。例如ASHARE Handbook 中的 一种简化方法：当需要增加机组时开启处于待机状态下峰值COP 最大的机组。该方法称作 最大峰值COP 法 (MPCOP method ，maximal peak COP method) [2]。 最优冷机负荷 (OCL, optimal chiller loading)，即通过给各台冷机合理地分配负荷，使机 组