外 科 学第一章结论大课.ppt

The party for LTX recipients in 2007—Chengdu (including 400 recipients) 第二节 外科学范畴 按病因分类，五类 损伤 感染 肿瘤 先天畸形 其它 第三节 学习目的、方法、要求 良好的医德、医风 不怕苦、不怕累、脚踏实地 多看、多记、多动手、勤于思考 牢記、掌握 診療規范 第二章 Perioperative Management 1. Preoperative Preparation of the patients 2. Intraoperative Management 3. Postoperative Management 1. Preoperative Preparation of the patients Determining the Need for Surgery Perioperative Decision Making Preoperative Evaluation Systems Approach to Preoperative Evaluation Cardiovascular Pulmonary Renal Hepatobiliary Endocrine Immunologic Hematologic Preoperative Checklist Preoperative Fasting Preoperative Mechanical Bowel Cleansing Antibiotic Prophylaxis Review of Medications 2. Intraoperative Management Principles of Operative Surgery well-planned and conducted operation Proper operative technique to provide the best possible surgical outcome. The Operating Room selection of the operative procedure all things needed are available, including any special equipment required, blood, blood products, or special medications Preoperative Skin Preparation 3. Postoperative Management Pulmonary Complications Atelectasis and Pneumonia Aspiration Pneumonitis and Aspiration Pneumonia Pulmonary Edema, Acute Lung Injury, and Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome Pulmonary Embolism and Venous Thromboembolism Cardiac Complications Postoperative Hypertension Perioperative Ischemia and Infarction Cardiogenic Shock Postoperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Postoperative Heart Failure Renal and Urinary Tract Complications Urinary Retention Acute Renal Failure Surgical Wound Complications Seroma Hematoma Acute Wound Failure (Dehiscence) Surgical Site Infection (Wound Infection) Gastrointestinal Complications Ileus and Early Postoperative Bowel Obstruction Acute Abdominal Compartment Syndrome Postoperative Gastrointestinal Bleeding Stomal Complications Clostridium difficile Colitis Anastomotic Leak Intestinal Fistula Pancreatic Fistulas 外 科 学第一章 绪 论 第