绷带夹板牵引固定见习带教.pptx

绷带 牵引 夹板 固定Part I绷带(BANDAGE)夹板(SPLINT)牵引(TRACTION)固定(FIXATION)、石膏(ORTHOPEDIC CAST)牵引(TRACTION)In orthopedic medicine, traction refers to the set of mechanisms for straightening broken bones or relieving pressure on the spine, and skeletal system. There are two types of traction: skin traction and skeletal traction通过牵引装置，利用悬垂的重力作为牵引力，身体的重量作为反牵引力，以缓解肌肉紧张和强烈收缩，整复骨折、脱位，预防和矫正软组织挛缩/wiki/Traction_(orthopedics)Early Greek traction device, from a Byzantine edition of Galens work in the 2nd century AD牵引逆损伤机制的持续对抗减轻损伤/软组织肿胀/恢复正常关系临时/过渡治疗保守治疗禁忌：牵引处严重创伤、牵引部位为手术区域、严重骨质疏松及骨质破坏颅骨牵引适应症：颈椎骨折脱位重要结构：翼点 颅骨内板定位方法：耳尖后上1cm牵引重量：4-6kg 起尺骨鹰嘴牵引适应症：肱骨骨折 （粉碎 移位严重 肿胀明显）重要结构：尺神经定位方法：屈肘 尺骨鹰嘴下2cm 尺骨嵴旁开1指牵引重量：4-6kg 起股骨髁上牵引适应症：骨盆 髋臼 股骨中近端重要结构：股动脉 定位方法：髌上1cm + 股骨内侧髁垂线 腓骨头前缘牵引重量：体重1/6—1/8胫骨结节牵引适应症：股骨中远段骨折重要结构：腓总神经 定位方法：胫骨结节后方两横指牵引重量：体重1/6—1/8跟骨牵引适应症：胫腓骨骨折定位方法：内踝尖与足跟连线中点牵引重量：体重1/6—1/8绷带(BANDAGE)A bandage is a piece of material used either to support a medical device such as a dressing or splint, or on its own to provide support to or to restrict the movement of a part of the body/wiki/BandageAchilles bandaging Patroclus. Tondo of an Attic red-figure kylix, ca. 500 BC, from Vulci绷带强度低，舒适临时固定/软组织损伤颈肩吊带踝关节扭伤踝关节绷带护踝夹板(SPLINT)A splint is a device used for support or immobilization of a limb or the spine. It can be used in multiple situations, including temporary immobilization of potentially broken bones or damaged joints and support for joints during activity/wiki/Splint_(medicine)夹板适应症骨折、脱位、韧带损伤的固定优点强度高操作简便缺点可塑性差夹板优点：1：取材多样：木板 竹片 纸板 金属条……2：快速起效3：限制因素少夹板缺点：贴覆性差压力不均，易产生压疮夹板的制作要求长度： 骨干骨折 跨越肢体长度 关节骨折 跨关节固定宽度：包绕肢体周径四分之三以上厚度：依照具体材料决定 附衬垫固定(FIXATION)外固定 石膏 支具 外固定架内固定石膏(ORTHOPEDIC CAST)An orthopedic cast, body cast, plaster cast, or surgical cast, is a shell, frequently made from plaster or fiberglass, encasing a limb (or, in some cases, large portions of the body) to stabilize and hold anatomical structures, most often a broken bone (or bones), in place until healing is confirmed. It is similar in funct