专升本英语语法与词汇(20190410195221).pdf

专升本英语语法与词汇 第一章 时态 英语中谓语动词的时态(Tense)是一种动词的形式，不同的时态用以表示在不同的时间完成的动作或保持的状态。 英语动词共有十六种时态，这里将重点讲解其中较常用的十种时态。 现以动词do 为例，将英语十六种时态列表如下： 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态 am do have have 现在 is doing done been doing does has has are was 过去 did doing had done had been doing were shall shall shall shall 将来 do be doing have done have been doing will will will will 过去 would do would be doing would have done would have been doing 将来 一、一般现在时( The Present Indefinite Tense) 1. 用于表示客观事实, 现在反复发生或习惯性的动作以及存在的特征、状态等,常与often, always, sometimes, usually, once a week, every day, seldom 等时间状语连用。 【例句】 The earth revolves around the sun. The students get up at six thirty every morning. 2. 表示按计划或安排好的将来的动作,常使用arrive, be, go, start, stay 等动词。 【例句】 There is a dancing party tonight. The plane arrives in Beijing at three this afternoon. 3. 用在以as soon as, when, after, while, as, until, till, whenever, the monument, the minute, immediately, directly 等引导的时间状语从句中或以if, unless, as/so long as, in case, provided that 等引导的条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时。 【例句】 I ’ll ring you as soon as he comes back. If it is fine tomorrow we will go swimming. The machine starts running the moment the button is pressed. l 注：if 条件句中，有will 出现时，will 是情态动词，意义为“愿意”，“肯”。 二、一般过去时( The Past Indefinite Tense) 一般过去时用于表示过去某时刻或某一时期内的动作或状态, 也可表示过去习惯性的动作。常与表明过去时间的状 语连用,如yesterday, then, just now, last month, two days ago, in 1990, 或由when 或while 等引导的 表明过去时间的状语从句。 【例句】 We met him last week. Where d