基于生态流量区间的多目标水库生态调度模型及应用.docxVIP

基于生态流量区间的多目标水库生态调度模型及应用 　　摘要：传统的水库调度以兴利调度和防洪调度为主，常忽视生态环境问题，导致河流生态水文系统的健康状况不断恶化。相对传统的以水电站年发电量最大，发电保证率最高为目标函数，本研究还引入了生态保证率最高的目标函数，构建基于生态流量区间的多目标水库生态调度模型，并采用NSGAⅡ算法对模型进行优化求解。利用该模型对天生桥一级水库1956年-XX年的来水过程进行优化调度，结果表明：经济效益最大的调度方案会对天然径流过程产生显著的改变，而兼顾经济效益和生态目标的建议调度方案对水库的经济效益产生影响较少的同时能保证生态系统的稳定性。　　关键词：水库生态调度；多目标；生态流量区间；生态目标　　中图分类号：TV213 文献标志码：A 文章编号：　　09606　　Model of multipurpose reservoir ecological operation based on ecological flow range and its application　　ZHANG Zhao1，2，3，ZHANG Wei3，LIAO Weihong3，WANG Xu3　　　　Abstract：Useful operation and flood control operation predominate the traditional reservoir operation，which usually ignores Ecoenvironmental problems and leads to the continuous deterioration of river Ecohydrological with the traditional researches which set hydropower stations′ utmost annual energy output and highest power guarantee rate as objective functions，this paper also introduced maximum Ecoguaranteed rate as an objective function to build a model of multipurpose reservoir ecological operation based on ecological flow range，and used NSGAⅡ algorithm to optimize the model was used to optimize the operation of TianshengqiaoⅠreservoir′s inflow process in 1956～XX，and the results showed that：the operation scheme of utmost economic benefits would significantly change natural runoff process，and the operation scheme of combining both economic benefits and ecological purposes would have little impact on economic benefits while at the same time guarantee the ecosystem′s stability.　　Key words：reservoir ecological operation；multipurpose；ecological flow range；ecological purpose　　水库的建设和运行在实现其经济效益的同时，也改变了河流天然径流情势和区域生态系统的稳定性，由此可能会引发一系列的流域生态和环境问题。因此，有必要合理调整水库的调度运行方式，对水库实施　　[]生态调度。水库生态调度就是将生态因素纳入到现行的水库调度中去，作为水库的核心功能，与其他水库功能进行耦合共同指导水库调度实践[1]。国内外学者在水库生态调度方法方面的研究可归纳为两类：一类是将生态需求作为模型的约束条件，另一类是将被量化的生态因子纳入模型的目标函数中。前者如Castelletti[2]等介绍了以最小生态流量为约束的河流生态保护常用方法；Lencce Barbara J[3]等构建了以水库蓄量和发电量为目标、水质条件为约束的水库调度模型，并在加拿大谢尔茅斯水库生态调度中得到应用；胡和平[4]等以发电量最大为目标，构建了以生态流量过程线为约束的水库优化调度模型；陈端[5]等