语言学名词解释.doc

arbitrariness：the absence of any physical correspondence between linguistic singals and the entities to which they refer. articulatory phonetics: the study of production of speech sounds，or the study of how speech sounds are produced/made. allophone:variants of the same phoneme. Assimilation: a process by which one sound takes on some or all the characteristics of a neighboring sound,a term often used synonymously with”coarticulation” . affix: the collective term for the type of formative that can be used when added to another morpheme(the root or stem). allomorph: a morpheme, like a phoneme, is a linguistic abstraction, which must be realized as certain phonetic forms or variants in different phonetic environments. acronym: is made up form the first letters of the name of an organization, which has a heavily modified headword. assimilation: the change of a sound by the influence of an adjacent sound, which is more specifically called. ”contact” or ” contiguous” assimilation. agreement: (or CONCORD) may be defined as the requirement that the forms of two or more words of specific word classes that stand in specific syntactic relationship with one another, shall also be characterized by the same paradigmatically marked category (or categories).Eg,—Whose is this pen?—Oh, it’s the one I lost. bound morpheme: refers to those which cannot occur alone and must appear with at least one other morpheme. blending: a relatively complex form of compounding, in which two words are blended by joining the initial part of the first word and the final part of the second word, or by joining the initial parts of the two words. backformation: refers to an abnormal type of word-formation where a shorter word is derived by deleting an imagined affix from a long form already in the language. competence：unconscious knowledge of the system of grammatical rules in a language. consonant: are sound segments produced by constricting or obstructing the vocal tract at some place to divert, imped