公路客运站车辆排放评价研究-载运工具运用工程专业论文.docxVIP

万方数据 万方数据 摘 要 随着经济持续快速发展，机动车保有量逐年增长，机动车污染物排放已成为我国城 市大气污染的主要来源之一。公路运输站场作为我国公路路网运输的节点，承担着我国 公路旅客及货物运输的主要任务，同时也造成了客运站及周边地区的空气污染问题。目 前，尽管一些标准规范中提出了对客运站内机动车尾气排放的约束性规定，但并没有专 门针对客运站内机动车尾气排放的量化系统分析研究。因此，本文提出的公路客运站车 辆污染物排放量化研究，对控制、减少站场污染物排放，评价站场污染物排放以及制定 合理控制措施等具有重要的现实意义。 论文在分析了公路客运站环境要素的基础上，确定选择美国的新一代移动源排放预 测模型 MOVES 作为车辆排放量化工具；根据 MOVES 模型的场站场景预测原理，提出 了公路客运站模型数据输入需求；以西安市城南客运站作为研究对象，对出入站口交通 量、场站布局、规模等进行实地调研；使用 GPS 测速仪实测了营运客车的站内及站外 主干道行驶状态数据，并利用短行程单元分析法建立了客运站内车辆行驶周期；使用 MOVES 模型中的 Driving cycle 模式，结合本地化的输入参数分别计算客运站场内停车 场、进出入站口、行驶区、发车位及下客区工作时段的尾气排放量；最后模拟了使用不 同燃料对客运站内车辆各类污染物排放的影响，提出减少站内机动车排放的相关措施。 关键词：公路客运站；排放评价；MOVES 模型；行驶周期 I Abstr Abstract With the sustained and rapid economic development, motor vehicle holdings grow year after year, motor vehicle emissions have become one of the major sources of urban air pollution in our country. As the node of highway road transport network in our country, road transport terminals undertake the main task of highway passengers and cargo transportation in China, meanwhile cause the air pollution problem of passenger station and it’s surrounding areas. Nowadays, although some standard proposed constraint rules for vehicle emissions in the passenger station, there is no specificity for the passenger in quantitative analysis system of vehicle exhaust emissions. Therefore, the highway passenger vehicle pollutants quantitative research proposed by this thesis，has important practical significance to control, quantization and reduce pollutant emission, evaluation station pollutant emissions and establish reasonable measures. On the basis of analyzing the environmental elements of the highway passenger stations, this thesis choose a new generation of mobile source emissions prediction model MOVES in the United States as vehicle emissions quantitative tools. According to the principle of the station scene MOVES model, it proposes the highway passenger demand model data input, taking XI’AN South Intercity Terminal as the rese