大功率激光切割工艺参数的研究-电子与通信工程(物理电子学)专业论文.docx

Classified Index: TN249 U.D.C: 621.38 Dissertation for the Master’s Degree in Engineering THE STUDY ON PARAMETERS OF LASER CUTTING TECHNIQUE Candidate: Chen Meng Supervisor: Prof. Wang Chun Hui Academic Degree Applied for: Master in Engineering Specialty: Electronics and Communication Engineering (Physical electronics) Affiliation: Hans Laser Technology CO., Ltd Date of Defence: December, 2008 Degree-Conferring-Institution: Harbin Institute of Technology 摘 要 激光切割以其切割范围广、速度高、切缝窄、热影响区小、加工柔性好 等优点而广泛应用于各种加工领域。但在激光加工过程中，对激光加工的工 艺参数选取缺乏理论依据，导致生产效率低下，材料浪费严重，切割质量不 稳定等问题。因此，需要对激光加工的工艺特点进行深入分析与研究。本文 将针对该问题，主要从进行了以下研究： 首先分析了激光切割过程中的能量变化，激光切割中最主要的热损失为 热传导。同时材料对激光的吸收主要受到激光波长与被加工材料的温度、表 面粗糙度及表面涂层的影响。 并对激光切割机的聚焦系统进行了研究，研究表明激光切割过程中光束 模式与聚焦光斑对激光切割质量的影响。 然后利用 CLM3015 激光切割机，采用冷轧钢板进行激光工艺试验研 究。获得了工艺参数与切割质量及切割效率之间的影响规律，以及激光的输 出功率、切割速度、气体压力及板材厚度等对切割质量与切割效率的影响关 系。根据以上的结果对激光加工工艺参数进行优化，极大地提高了激光切割 质量与切割效率。 最后对陶瓷激光切割进行了试验研究，总结了脉冲能量与扫描速度对陶 瓷切割质量的影响。 本文的研究结果在实际生产中应用后，取得了良好的使用效果，使切割 质量和生产效率大大提高。说明该研究成果为激光切割工艺提供了理论依 据，对激光切割工艺过程具有一定的指导作用，具有重要的推广价值。 关键词 激光切割；切割工艺；优化 Abstract Laser cutting has been widely applied in the manufacturing industry due to its numerical advantages, such as wide-range cutting scale, high cutting speed, narrow cutting gap, small heat-affected zone, flexible cutting procedure, and so on. However, it is lack in guideline to choice cutting parameters. And it leads to lots of problems in the laser cutting process, such as low product efficiency, heavy material waste, unstable cutting quality, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the characters of laser cutting process to improve its quality and efficiency. In this paper we mainly to research these problems. We search the laser cutting parameters, it focus on subjects as followings: Firstly, I analyzed the energy variation in the cutting process. It showed that the energy losing is mainly caused by heat conductive in the cutting process. And the absorption of laser energy by materials is affected by the temperature of the