P A and the Ethics Challenge - Stennis InstituteP与伦理挑战-斯坦尼斯学院.pptVIP

Public Integrity and Ethical Responsibility: A Personal Challenge Charles W. Washington, Ph.D. Its All About--- Doing the Right Thing! What is Public Integrity? Personal, uncompromising adherence to moral and ethical principles in the public arena Taking personal responsibility for acting ethically, i.e., acting consistently with standards of right conduct or practice Factors Contributing to Unethical Behavior Lack of moral anchoring. Lack of ethical reference points. Lack of standards for moral reasoning. Lack of integrity. Pressure from political forces. Pressure from peers and the lure of power. Personal greed and ego. First Principles of Ethical Behavior 1. Integrity 2. Ethical Reasoning First Principles of Ethical Behavior 1. Integrity Discerning what is right and what is wrong. Acting on what you have discerned. Saying openly that you are acting on your understanding of right from wrong. First Principles of Ethical Behavior 2. Ethical Reasoning Determining what is good and right. Doing what is right and acting in a way that is good and right. Expecting others to be predisposed to reason and to act ethically. Approaches to Ethical Reasoning Teleological (Consequentialism) Theories Ethical Egoism Utilitarianism Deontology--two types: Kantian Deontology Contractarianism Human Nature Ethics Teleological or Consequentialist Approaches: The focus here is on the consequences of human actions. Consequentialism is ends-driven decision making. All actions are evaluated based on the extent to which they achieve desirable results; right, wrong, or duty are subordinated to the end or purpose of the action. Forms of Consequentialism Ethical Egoism--Right action is that action which benefits me most or harms me least. Utilitarianism--Right action is that action which produces the greatest balance of pleasure or happiness in light of all other alternatives. [Proponents are Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill] Ethical Egoism Appeals to the