社会心理学 人际吸引..pptVIP

Chapter 7 Interpersonal Attraction: Meeting, Liking, Becoming Acquainted  人际吸引：相见，喜欢，成为熟人 1. Meeting strangers: physical proximity 2. Affective state and attraction 3. Observable characteristics 4. Affiliation motivation 5. Similarity and attraction 6. Mutual liking How did you get to know your desk-mate? Interpersonal attraction: Evaluation of other people along a dimension ranging from strong liking to strong dislike (Fig. 7.2). Affect and attraction: interpersonal likes and dislikes are determined by emotions. Proximity (邻近性): The closeness between two individuals’ residences, classroom seats, work areas, and so on. The first important factor for attraction. Proximity Repeated exposure (重复接触稍微负面， 中性或正面刺激) Positive affect Attraction Subliminal Repeated Exposure Effect influences not only the evaluation of specific stimuli, but also the evaluation of other stimuli (Monahan, Murphy, Zajonc, 2000) Fig. 7.4 被试在潜意识条件下，一次或重复接触中国象形文字或多边图形，被试浏览刺激一秒后对其的喜欢程度作出评价。 1组：两次都接触象形文字或两次都接触多边图形 2组：第一次象形文字/图形，第二次不同的象形文字/图形 3组：第一次象形文字，第二次多边图形，或者相反 控制组：评价前没看到任何刺激 结果：1组 2组 3组 控制组 Fig. 7.5 在教室接触的次数越多,喜欢程度越高 Positive and negative affective states can influence attraction through two effects (Fig., 7.7). Direct effects: When the other person is responsible for the positive or negative emotion. E.g., We like people who make us feel good and dislike those who make us feel bad. Indirect effects: When the emotion is created by a different source, but the other person happens to be associated with it. E.g., Meeting someone while having a toothache Dislike. Stigma (烙印）: A personal characteristic that is often perceived negatively (such as fat, ugly, race). E.g., I dislike John John talks to Bill I dislike Bill The power of associated affect (关联情感)： Increas