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Qualitative Research Design and Analysis Soc302b Overview Note: Free demos of Nud*ist, NVivo, XSight at: .au/DemoReg/DemoReg1.asp Enable researchers to study social and cultural phenomena The methods are designed to help researchers understand people and the social and cultural contexts Can combine one or more research methods in one study (called triangulation) Distinctions between Quantitative and Qualitative Research objective versus subjective nomothetic versus idiographic etic versus emic perspective Ethnography A way of building an understanding the culture and behaviours of a group as a whole. Done in a setting or field site where a group of people share a common culture. In sociology, ethnography usually called a field study Uses: Participant Observation Interviews with Informants Examination of documents and cultural artifacts Ethnomethodology The study of commonsense knowledge How do individuals make sense of social situations and act on their knowledge? What are the tacit rules used by members of a culture? Detailed studies of interactions Breeching experiments (Garfinkel) To uncover hidden norms The Case Study Approach To try to develop an understanding of a social process by studying one case or a small number of cases in depth Can be done using a combination of intensive interviewing and observation Snapshot case studies Longitudinal case studies Pre-post case studies Patchwork case studies Comparative case studies. Construct Validity in Case Studies Problematic because of investigator subjectivity Can counteract by: using multiple sources of evidence, establishing a chain of evidence, and having a draft case study report reviewed by key informants (Yin, 1994) Analyzing Case Study Evidence Techniques not well developed Some researchers use quantitative strategies: analytic techniques such as creating arrays placing the evidence in a matrix of categories creating flowcharts or data displays tabulatin