Rings, Moons, nd Pluto High Energy Physics at Wayne State环，卫星，和冥王星在韦恩高能物理学.pptVIP

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Rings, Moons, nd Pluto High Energy Physics at Wayne State环，卫星，和冥王星在韦恩高能物理学.ppt

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Rings, Moons, nd Pluto High Energy Physics at Wayne State环，卫星，和冥王星在韦恩高能物理学

April 11, 2006 Astronomy 2010 Chapter 11: Moons,Rings and Pluto Ring and Satellite Systems General properties. Composition different from objects in the inner solar system Most contain dark, organic compounds mixed with ice and rock Dark materials imply small reflectivity Most satellites in regular orbits West-to-east direction In the plane of the planet’s equator Likely to have formed at about the same time as the planet Irregular satellites Retrograde (east-to-west), or else have orbits of high eccentricity, or high inclination Usually smaller satellites, located relatively far from their planet Formed subsequently or captured Jupiters Moons 52 known satellites (as of about 2 years ago) Four large moons (Callisto, Ganymede, Europa, Io) Europa, Io are the size of our moon Ganymede, Callisto – the largest – are bigger than mercury Many smaller moons. Note: moon and satellite mean the same thing in astronomy. Large Galilean Moons Callisto, Ganymede, Europa, Io first seen by Galileo (the astronomer) studied by the Galileo space probe Hubble Space Telescope observations combined data has found important similarities to the terrestrial planets differences between moons mostly due to distance from Jupiter Callisto: Crater Packed Outermost of the Galilean satellites. 2 million km from Jupiter. Noontime surface temperature: 130 K (140oC below freezing!) Diameter 4820 km ~ same as Mercury Mass ~ 1/3 Mercury’s mass Not as dense as Mercury Composed largely of ice. Not fully differentiated. From details of gravitational pull on Galileo spacecraft. Surprising! Yet appears to be “frozen” Covered with craters Absence of interior forces – geologically dead. Craters on Callisto Ganymede: Largest, Most Varied Largest satellite Cratered, but less so than Callisto ? of the surface seem to have formed “recently” 1 billion years old – rather than 4.4 Differentiated Rock and metals sank to form a core about the size of the Moon Mantle + crust floating above core. Magnetic Field