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Extended Sentences under CJA 2003 25 Bedford Row扩展句下2003～25贝德福德的行.doc

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Extended Sentences under CJA 2003 25 Bedford Row扩展句下2003～25贝德福德的行

Sentencing Dangerous Offenders Chapter 5, CJA 2003 What is dangerousness? Extended Sentences Imprisonment for Public Protection Life Sentences Minka Braun Dermot Keating 25 Bedford Row PART 1 – “DANGEROUSNESS” Introduction The CJA 2003’s concept of “dangerousness” has brought about a radical shift in penal policy. “Dangerousness” is a shorthand term to describe where the court is of the opinion / considers: “…there is a significant risk to members of the public of serious harm occasioned by the commission by the offender of further specified offences.” When sentencing a person for certain violent or sexual offences pursuant to the CJA, the judge is required to dabble in the inexact science of risk-assessment. The key consideration for sentencing has now shifted to an exploration of the future risk a person may pose. If a person is convicted of any one of 153 ‘specified’ sexual and violent offences, the sentencing court is required to consider whether s/he is dangerous. (Some specified offences are ‘serious’ offences as they are punishable for those over 18 with imprisonment for life or imprisonment for 10 years or more.) If a person is deemed dangerous (and other conditions are met), the court must impose a life sentence, a term of imprisonment for public protection or an extended sentence. The “assumption of dangerousness” arises in s.229(3) and sets out that the court must assume a person is dangerous where s/he was over 18 when the offence was committed and had been convicted of one of the 153 specified offences, unless it would be unreasonable to conclude there would be such a risk, taking into account information about the offender, the offences and any pattern of offending. The effect of s.229(3) has been less dramatic than had been anticipated. It is crucial that we are alive to the issue of dangerousness from the very start of a case, as it will inevitably have an impact on the advice given to defendants on plea and likely sentence on conviction. How