Expert Opinion on Local Remedis Draft 01在当地救济01草案专家的意见.docVIP

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Expert Opinion on Local Remedis Draft 01在当地救济01草案专家的意见.doc

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Expert Opinion on Local Remedis Draft 01在当地救济01草案专家的意见

INTERNATIONAL JURISTS OPINION ON EXHAUSTION OF LOCAL REMEDIES Exhaustion of local remedies ? General principle of non-recognition ? 1.??? The illegality of the use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of a State is firmly established as a rule of customary international law. The importance of the prohibition is underscored by its recognition as a norm of ius cogens and one that gives rise to an obligation that is erga omnes. ? 2.??? Consequently, a State may not recognise territorial acquisitions or the establishment of a purported ‘State’ (hereafter ‘the purported ‘State’’) resulting from the threat or use of force. In particular, the First Principle of the Declaration of Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation among States GA Res 2625 (XXV) declares, inter alia, that: ‘No territorial acquisition resulting from the threat or use of force shall be recognized as legal’. Further, the ILC Draft Articles on the Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts, explicitly provide, in Article 41(2), that: “No State shall recognise as lawful a situation created by a serious breach within the meaning of Article 40, nor render aid or assistance in maintaining that situation.” Article 40 of the Draft Articles refers to “a serious breach by a State of an obligation arising under a peremptory norm of general international law”. An illegal use of force would undoubtedly fall within this description. The Commentary to Article 41 explains that: “The obligation applies to situations created by these breaches, such as, for example, attempted acquisition of sovereignty over territory through the denial of the right of self-determination of peoples. It not only refers to the formal recognition of these situations, but also prohibits acts which would imply such recognition.” 3. This principle is also reflected in the jurisprudence of the ICJ. It flows from the doctrine that legal rights cannot deri