Expert Cards4,5,6专家证4,5,6.pptVIP

Chapter 4 Vocabulary Covalent Bond Polar Molecule Surface Tension Cohesion Sublimation Electromagnetic Spectrum Sea Ice Land Ice Fast Ice Iceberg Castle berg Advective Fog Radiative Fog Sea Smoke Chapter 4, 5, and 6 Expert Cards Expert Card #1 Water has a high specific heat, (amount of energy necessary to change its temperature), Latent HEAT of VAPORAZATION (amount of heat involved in evaporation or condensation), and a High latent HEAT of FUSION (amount of heat energy necessary to melt is given up when it is frozen). EXPERT CARD #1 cont. This means that water changes temperature very slowly when compared to air or land (muddy, sand, or rocky shores). The result is a very stable temperature for marine organisms and milder winters for coastal regions (ocean has retained summer heat energy). Expert Card #1 Cont. Much energy is given up when water condenses and freezes. Evaporation is a major cooling process of ocean water and helps to keep its maximum limit of 30°C even in tropical waters. Expert Card #2 The limits of temperature in the open ocean are between -2 and 30°C. However, these extremes do not occur as a range in any single part of the ocean. The change in any part seldom exceeds 10°C therefore, most marine organisms do not have to adapt to wide temperature fluctuations as their terrestrial cousins do. Smaller volumes of water (i.e. estuaries, tidepools) experience the widest range of temperatures. Expert Card #2 Cont. Temperatures vary with ocean depth as well as latitude. Distinct vertical layers of water with different temperatures may form. Thermoclines are the site of these temperature changes. Expert Card #3 Salinity is defined as grams of dissolved solid matter (not just NaCl) per kilogram of water. The salinity of the open ocean averages 35 10/100 or 35 100/1000. It varies considerably with time and location. It is one of the most important features of ocean water. Truly marine organisms must be adapted to these saline conditions. Los