Chapter 24 Progressive Mscular Relaxation24章渐进性肌肉放松.pptVIP

Progressive Muscular RelaxationChapter 24 “Relaxation is the direct negative of nervous excitement. It is the absence of nerve-muscle impulse.” —Edmund Jacobson, M.D. An Historical Perspective of PMR Edmund Jacobson was a U.S.-trained physician who noticed that all his patients with illness showed chronic muscle tension. He theorized that if muscle tension was significantly decreased, the chance for illness would diminish. PMR has proved to be a popular relaxation technique in the U.S. for many decades. It may be the only recognized relaxation technique created in the U.S. Progressive Muscular Relaxation The body’s muscles respond to thoughts of perceived threats with tension or contraction. Muscular tension is believed to be the most common symptom of stress, and can lead to: stiffness, pain, discomfort, distorted and disaligned posture, and joint stability. Progressive Muscular Relaxation (continued) The building blocks involved in muscular contraction are a motor end unit, a motor nerve fiber (neuron), a skeletal muscle fiber, and a stimulus from the nerve fiber to the muscle fiber called an action potential. Chemicals released from these neurons are neurotrophic substances. Neurotransmitters secrete epinephrine, norepinephrine, and ACh to regulate and control muscle contraction. Progressive Muscular Relaxation (continued) Muscles can contract in one of three ways: concentrically (shortening) eccentrically (lengthening) isometrically (no visible change in length) Muscle tension produced through the stress response is primarily isometric. Over time, muscles contracted isometrically can begin to show signs of shortening. Progressive Muscular Relaxation (continued) Progressive muscular relaxation is a systematic approach to relieving muscle tension. Based on the work of Edmund Jacobson, PMR is a simple technique used to promote rest and relaxation by systematically tensing and relaxing the body’s musculature, from feet to the head. Benefits of PMR Decreas