Acids Abington Heights School Disrict酸苏格兰高地学校区.pptVIP

Acids Acids have a sour taste Acids contain hydrogen, and some react with active metals to liberate hydrogen gas. Acids change the color of dyes known as “acid-base indicators”. Example – litmus paper changes from blue to red with acid. Acids react with bases to produce salts and water. Acids are electrolytes. Strong acid – An acid that is a strong electrolyte and ionizes 100% in aqueous solution. Monoprotic acid – An acid that can donate one proton (hydrogen ion) per molecule. Polyprotic acid – An acid that can donate more than one proton per molecule. Triprotic acid – An acid that can donate three protons per molecule. Naming Acids If the ion ends in –ide the name of the acid starts with hydro- and ends with –ic ion ending in –ate , the acid will end in –ic ion ending in –ite , the acid will end in –ous Common Acids Sulfuric Acid – H2SO4 Used in fertilizer manufacture, petroleum refining, as “battery acid” for automobiles, and many industrial processes. Sulfuric acid is a good dehydration agent (water-removing) Phosphoric acid H3PO4 A low-melting point solid. An 85% phosphoric acid solution in water is commonly called “syrupy phosphoric acid” Used for flavoring in beverages and the manufacture of detergents, ceramics, fertilizers, and phosphorus-containing chemicals. Nitric acid HNO3 Not commonly used in lab or industry. Stains skin yellow Suffocating odor Used in making explosives, rubber, plastics, dyes, chemicals and drugs. Hydrochloric Acid HCl Common in laboratories Found in stomach Used to clean iron and steel in industry Acetic acid HC2H3O2 Clear and colorless with a pungent odor Fermentation of malt, barley, and fruit juices produce acetic acid in vinegars Household vinegar is 4-8% acetic acid Used in production of food supplements and as a fungicide. * *