Acid and Base Strength Wayne County Public Schols 酸和碱强度韦恩县公立学校.pptVIP

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Acid and Base Strength Wayne County Public Schols 酸和碱强度韦恩县公立学校.ppt

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Acid and Base Strength Wayne County Public Schols 酸和碱强度韦恩县公立学校

Acid and Base Strength Review Properties of Acids Taste sour. Turn litmus red. Proton (H+) donors. Inc. [H3O+] in aqueous solutions. Properties of Bases Taste bitter. Turn litmus blue. Proton acceptors. Inc. [OH-] in aqueous solutions. Review pH Scale Traditionally 0 - 14. Can have pH 0 or 14. pH 7 ? Acidic solution. pH = 7 ? Neutral solution. pH 7 ? Basic solution. pH Scale Acidic Basic 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 pH Scale Acid Strength All acids undergo ionization in water: HA + H2O ? A- + H3O+ HA = generic acid A- = generic conjugate base The Keq for this reaction is called Ka Ka = acid ionization constant Acid Strength Some acids ionize more than others. Strong acids ionize almost completely. Ka = very large Weak acids ionize very little. Ka = very small Strong Acids There are seven common strong acids: hydrochloric acid, HCl hydrobromic acid, HBr hydroiodic acid, HI nitric acid, HNO3 chloric acid, HClO3 perchloric acid, HClO4 sulfuric acid, H2SO4 If it isn’t on this list, it is weak! Strong Acid vs. Weak Acid HCl H3O+1 Cl-1 Moles per Liter START HCl H3O+1 Cl-1 Moles per Liter EQUILIBRIUM HCl is a strong acid... HCl + H2O ? Cl-1 + H3O+1 Ka = very large! Strong Acid vs. Weak Acid HF H3O+1 F-1 Moles per Liter START HF H3O+1 F-1 Moles per Liter EQUILIBRIUM HF is a weak acid... HF + H2O ? F-1 + H3O+1 Ka = very small HCl, A Strong Acid HF, A Weak Acid Strong Bases Like strong acids, strong bases ionize completely. Strong bases = soluble hydroxides LiOH NaOH KOH Ca(OH)2 Sr(OH)2 Ba(OH)2 All other bases, including NH3, are weak. Buffers Buffer – a solution that resists major changes to its pH when an acid or base is added. A buffer usu. contains a weak conjugate acid-base pair in nearly equal concentrations. EXAMPLE 1: A solution containing 0.10 M HCl and 0.10 M Cl-1 would not be a good buffer because HCl is a strong acid. EXAMPLE 2: A solution containing 0.10 M HF and 2.0 M F-1 would not be a good buffer because the concentrations are very different.